妊娠期糖尿病孕妇社会支持网络现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.06.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus，GDM）孕妇的社会支持网络现状，并分析其影响因素，为改善GDM孕妇的健康状况提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，于2022年6月—10月选取青岛市4所三级甲等医院的315例GDM孕妇作为调查对象。采用一般情况调查问卷、姓名生成器问卷、GDM患者自我管理能力问卷进行调查，采用单因素分析及多元线性回归分析探讨GDM孕妇社会支持网络的影响因素。结果回收有效问卷306份。GDM孕妇社会支持网络的结构网络规模为（8.24±1.81）人次，功能网络规模为（11.90±2.39）人次。多元线性回归分析结果显示，自我管理能力、年龄、受教育水平、经济活动参与度是GDM孕妇结构网络的影响因素（P<0.05）；居住地、年龄、公益活动参与度是其功能网络的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 GDM孕妇的整体社会支持网络水平处于中等水平，临床护理工作中应重点关注年轻、低学历、居住在农村地区、自我管理水平不足且社会活动参与度低的GDM孕妇的血糖管理情况，同时帮助其提升获取、利用社会支持的能力。

关键词: 妊娠期糖尿病, 孕妇, 社会网络, 社会支持, 影响因素分析, 产科护理

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current social network status of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM） and analyze the influencing factors to provide a reference for improving the health status of pregnant women with GDM. Methods The convenience sampling method was used. 315 pregnant women with GDM from 4 tertiary hospitals in Qingdao City were selected as study respondents from June to October 2022. The General Condition Questionnaire，Name Generator Questionnaire，and Self-Management Ability Questionnaire for Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus were used to conduct the survey. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of the social network of GDM pregnant women. Results 306 valid questionnaires were collected. The size of the structural network of the social network of pregnant women with GDM was（8.24±1.81） persons，and the size of the functional network was（11.90±2.39） persons. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that in the structural network of the pregnant women with GDM，the score of self-management level，age，economic activity，and education level were the influencing factors（P<0.05）. In the functional network，the place of residence，age，and public welfare activities were the influencing factors（P<0.05）. Conclusion The overall social network level of pregnant women with GDM is intermediate. Nursing clinical work should focus on the blood glucose management of young pregnant women who have low education，live in rural areas，have insufficient self-management levels，and have low participation in social activities，and at the same time，help this kind of pregnant women to improve the ability of acquiring and utilizing the social network and social support.

Key words: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnant Women, Social Network, Social Support, Root Cause Analysis, Obstetrical Nursing

唐雅琳, 魏丽丽, 李倩倩, 匡国芳, 岳崇玉, 张新伟, 张艳, 谷如婷, 吕伯瀚, 赵雅菲. 妊娠期糖尿病孕妇社会支持网络现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(6): 685-690.

TANG Yalin, WEI Lili, LI Qianqian, KUANG Guofang, YUE Chongyu, ZHANG Xinwei, ZHANG Yan, GU Ruting, LÜ Bohan, ZHAO Yafei. Analysis on the current situation and influencing factors of social network among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(6): 685-690.

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