养老机构老年人认知功能现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.04.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查30所养老机构老年人的认知功能现状，并分析其影响因素，为制订改善老年人认知功能的干预方案提供参考。方法 2022年1月—9月，使用多阶段抽样法，采用一般资料调查表、简易智能精神状态检查量表和简易体能状况量表对中国华东、华中、华南、华北、西南、西北地区的30所养老机构的老年人进行横断面调查，并使用Logistic回归分析老年人认知功能的影响因素。结果该调查共纳入2 242名老年人，1 006名（44.9%）存在认知障碍，Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄、有无子女、长期用药种类、是否规律运动、自我报告社会支持、自我报告听力障碍和躯体功能会影响老年人的认知功能（P<0.05）。结论养老机构老年人认知功能现状不容乐观，高龄、无子女、长期用药、不规律运动、社会支持缺乏、听力障碍和躯体功能受损的老年人，其认知功能较差，护士应该增加对该类人群的关注，制订合适的干预措施，改善其认知功能。

关键词: 老年人, 养老机构, 认知功能, 影响因素分析, 横断面研究, 社区护理

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the status and analyze the influencing factors of cognitive function for older people in 30 nursing homes nationally，so as to provide references for the formulation of interventions to improve the cognitive function. Methods The cross-sectional study design was conducted in our study. The convenience sampling method was used to choose older people in 30 nursing homes from east，central，south，north，northwest and southwest for investigation from January to September in 2022 by a general information questionnaire，Mini-Mental State Examination and Short Physical Performance Battery. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of cognitive function. Results A total of 2 242 older people were investigated. There were 1 006（44.9%） older people with impaired cognitive function. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age，children，long-term medication，regular exercise，self-reported social support as well as hearing impairment and physical performance were the influencing factors（P<0.05）. Conclusion The cognitive function of older people in nursing homes needs to be improved. The older people with advanced age，childless，long-term medication，irregular exercise，lack of social support，hearing impairment and impaired physical performance should be paid more attention. The early interventions should be conducted to improve cognitive function.

Key words: Aged, Nursing Home, Cognitive Function, Root Cause Analysis, Cross-sectional Study, Community Care

李欣, 孙超, 胡慧秀, 赵雅洁, 刘晨霞. 养老机构老年人认知功能现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2023, 58(4): 446-451.

LI Xin, SUN Chao, HU Huixiu, ZHAO Yajie, LIU Chenxia. The current situation and influencing factors of cognitive function of older people in 30 nursing homes[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2023, 58(4): 446-451.

图/表 4

表1 调查对象一般资料及认知功能影响因素的单因素分析结果[n=2 242，名（百分比，%）]

Table 1 The general data of the subjects and univariate analysis of predictors for cognitive function[n=2 242，case（percent,%）]

表2 养老机构老年人认知功能状况（n=2 242，分，$\bar{x}±s$）

Table 2 The cognitive function of older people in nursing homes（n=2 242，scores，$\bar{x}±s$）

表3 自变量赋值情况

Table 3 Independent variables assignment

表4 养老机构老年人认知功能影响因素的Logistic回归分析（n=2 242）

Table 4 Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of cognitive function among older people in nursing homes（n=2 242）

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