认知刺激疗法对养老机构轻度认知障碍老年人的干预效果研究

doi:10.3761/j.isson.0254-1769.2026.16.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨认知刺激疗法在养老机构轻度认知障碍老年人中的干预效果，为提升其认知功能提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，于2025年9—11月，选取唐山市某2所养老机构中的轻度认知障碍老年人为研究对象。按照编号随机法，将2所养老机构中2个疗养区的轻度认知障碍老年人设为试验组（34例），将另外2个疗养区的轻度认知障碍老年人设为对照组（34例）。试验组在日常照护的基础上实施为期12周的认知刺激疗法干预，对照组给予养老机构常规照护及个性化健康教育。干预后，比较两组的认知功能、心理状态、平衡功能及日常生活活动能力等方面的差异。结果干预过程中无样本丢失。干预12周后，试验组蒙特利尔认知评估量表评分、简版老年抑郁量表评分、Berg平衡量表评分及日常生活活动能力量表评分均优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论对养老机构轻度认知障碍老年人实施认知刺激疗法能够有效改善其认知功能，缓解抑郁症状，提升平衡功能与日常生活活动能力，对提高其生活质量具有积极意义。

关键词: 认知刺激疗法, 轻度认知障碍, 养老机构, 认知功能, 老年人, 护理

Abstract:

Objective The study explores the intervention effect of cognitive stimulation therapy on elderly people with mild cognitive impairment in nursing homes，so as to provide a reference for enhancing its cognitive function. Methods Using the convenience sampling method，elderly people with mild cognitive impairment in 2 nursing homes in Tangshan City were selected as the research subjects from September to November 2025. According to the random number method，the elderly with mild cognitive impairment in 2 nursing areas of the 2 nursing homes were divided into an experimental group（34 cases），and another 2 nursing areas into a control group（34 cases）. The experimental group implemented cognitive stimulation intervention for 12 weeks on the basis of daily care，while the control group received routine care in the nursing home and personalized health education. After the intervention，the differences in cognitive function，psychological state，balance function，and daily living activity ability between the 2 groups were compared. Results No sample loss occurred during the intervention process. After 12 weeks of intervention，the scores of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale，Geriatric Depression Scale-15，Berg Balance Scale，and Activities of Daily Living Scale in the experimental group were all better than those in the control group，and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion Implementing cognitive stimulation therapy for elderly people with mild cognitive impairment in nursing homes can effectively improve their cognitive function，alleviate depressive symptoms，enhance balance function，and daily living self-care ability，which has positive significance for improving their quality of life.

Key words: Cognitive Stimulation Therapy, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Nursing Home, Cognitive Function, Aged, Nursing Care

侯晓飞, 靳杨, 唐启群, 胡惠菊, 佟长颖. 认知刺激疗法对养老机构轻度认知障碍老年人的干预效果研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(16): 2245-2252.

HOU Xiaofei, JIN Yang, TANG Qiqun, HU Huiju, TONG Changying. A study on the intervention effect of cognitive stimulation therapy on elderly people with mild cognitive impairment in elderly care institutions[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(16): 2245-2252.

图/表 4

表1 认知刺激疗法干预方案

Table 1 Cognitive stimulation therapy intervention measures

表2 两组一般资料的比较[例（百分比，%）]

Table 2 Comparison of general data between the 2 groups[cases（percentage，%）]

表3 干预前后两组认知功能的比较[分，M（P25，P75）]

Table 3 Comparison of cognitive function between the 2 groups before and after the intervention[score，M（P25，P75）]

表4 干预前后两组心理状态、平衡功能、日常生活活动能力的比较（分，$\bar{x}\pm s$）

Table 4 Comparison of psychological state，balance function and activities of daily living between the 2 groups before and after the intervention（score，$\bar{x}\pm s$）

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