产后6个月内母婴喂养互动现状及潜在剖面分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.24.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨产后6个月内母婴喂养互动现状及潜在剖面，分析不同类别母婴喂养互动水平的影响因素，为制订针对性干预措施促进纯母乳喂养提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，于2024年11—12月，选取江苏省7所三级甲等医院542名产后6个月内的产妇为调查对象，使用一般资料调查表、母乳喂养关系量表、母乳喂养自我效能简式量表进行调查。对产后6个月内母婴喂养互动水平进行潜在剖面分析，并通过单因素分析和Logistic回归分析探究不同剖面的影响因素。结果最终纳入468名产妇，其母乳喂养关系量表条目均分为（4.13±0.54）分。产后6个月内母婴喂养互动关系可分为“联结薄弱型”（55.13%）、“同步失调型”（11.32%）、“高效协同型”（33.55%）3个潜在剖面。Logistic回归分析结果显示，居住地、产后照顾者、母乳喂养方式、喂养类型、母乳喂养自我效能是产后6个月内母婴喂养互动水平的影响因素（均P<0.05）。结论产后6个月内母婴喂养互动处于中等偏上水平且存在异质性，可分为3个潜在剖面。医护人员应重点关注“联结薄弱型”和“同步失调型”母婴，根据不同潜在剖面的影响因素对母婴进行干预，以提高其母乳喂养水平。

关键词: 母乳喂养, 喂养互动, 潜在剖面分析, 母婴护理

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the current status and latent profiles of the mother-infant feeding interaction within 6 months postpartum，and to explore the influencing factors of different latent classes，in order to provide references for the development of interventions and promotion of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods Through convenience sampling，a total of 542 mothers within 6 months postpartum were recruited from 7 tertiary-level hospitals in Jiangsu Province between November and December 2024. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire，the Breastfeeding Relationship Scale，and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form （BSES-SF）. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify distinct patterns in the mother-infant feeding interaction. Factors influencing latent class membership were examined using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The score of items of the Breastfeeding Relationship Scale in 468 postpartum women is（4.13±0.54）. The mother-infant feeding interaction within 6 months postpartum is divided into 3 latent classes，namely“weak bonding”（55.13%），“synchronous dissonance”（11.32%） and“efficient synergy”（33.55%）. The influencing factors include place of residence，postnatal caregiver，breastfeeding method，feeding type，and breastfeeding self-efficacy（all P<0.05）. Conclusion The mother-infant feeding interaction within 6 months postpartum is generally at a moderate to high level but exhibits heterogeneity，characterized by 3 distinct latent classes. Healthcare professionals should prioritize support for mother-infant relationship in the “weak bonding” and “synchronous dissonance” classes，implementing tailored interventions based on the identified influencing factors to enhance the feeding interaction.

Key words: Breastfeeding, Feeding Interaction, Latent Profile Analysis, Maternal-Child Nursing

平凌, 罗彩凤, 孙炜怡, 李倩, Natsuko K.Wood, 周洁玉, 许俊, 卢红艳. 产后6个月内母婴喂养互动现状及潜在剖面分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(24): 3000-3006.

PING Ling, LUO Caifeng, SUN Weiyi, LI Qian, Natsuko K.Wood, ZHOU Jieyu, XU Jun, LU Hongyan. Current status and latent profile analysis of mother-infant feeding interaction within 6 months postpartum[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(24): 3000-3006.

图/表 5

表1 调查对象的一般资料及母婴喂养互动水平3个潜在剖面的单因素分析结果[名（百分比，%）]

Table 1 Univariate analysis of 3 potential profiles of survey participants, general information and the feeding interaction[cases（percentage，%）]

表2 母婴喂养互动水平潜在剖面模型拟合指标

Table 2 Potential categories of the mother-infant feeding interaction

图1 产后6个月内母婴喂养互动水平的潜在剖面分布特征

Figure 1 Potential distribution characteristics of mother-infant feeding interaction within 6 months postpartum

表3 自变量赋值方式

Table 3 Assignment of independent variables

表4 产后6个月内母婴喂养互动水平潜在剖面的多元Logistic回归分析结果（n=468）

Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression analyses of potential profiles of the mother-infant feeding interaction in the first 6 months postpartum（n=468）

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