老年慢性病共病患者口腔衰弱的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.15.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨老年慢性病共病患者口腔衰弱的潜在剖面，并分析不同潜在剖面的影响因素，为构建临床干预方案提供理论依据。方法采用便利抽样法，选取2024年7—12月在合肥市某三级甲等医院接受治疗的老年慢性病共病患者作为调查对象。使用一般资料调查表、口腔衰弱指数-8、微型营养评估简表、公众健康积极指数量表、家庭关怀问卷进行调查，采用多元Logistic回归进行影响因素分析。结果共纳入418例老年慢性病共病患者，口腔衰弱得分为（7.21±2.83）分，老年慢性病共病患者口腔衰弱可被分为重度口腔衰弱-低口腔功能组（60.53%）、中度口腔衰弱-高社交行为组（8.85%）、轻度口腔衰弱-高口腔健康行为组（30.62%）3个剖面。年龄、家庭关怀度、慢性病种类、口服药物种类、健康积极度是不同潜在剖面的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论老年慢性病共病患者口腔衰弱存在异质性，护理人员应重点关注重度口腔衰弱-低口腔功能和中度口腔衰弱-高社交行为的老年患者，根据患者不同的剖面特征和影响因素制订针对性的干预措施，以预防和延缓口腔衰弱的发生。

关键词: 口腔衰弱, 老年人, 慢性病共病, 公众健康积极指数, 潜在剖面分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the latent profile analysis of oral frailty in elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions and to analyze the influencing factors of different potential profiles in order to provide a theoretical basis for constructing clinical intervention programs. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions in a tertiary hospital in Hefei City from July to December 2024 as the survey subjects. General information questionnaire，the Chinese version of the Oral Frailty Index-8，Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short-Form，Consumer Health Activation Index and Family APGAR Index Questionnaire were used to conduct the survey，and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results A total of 418 elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions were included，with a total oral frailty score of（7.21±2.83）. Oral frailty in elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions can be classified into 3 potential profiles，namely severe oral frailty-low oral functioning group（60.53%），moderate oral frailty-high social behaviors group（8.85%），mild oral frailty-high oral health behavior group（30.62%）. Age，family care，type of chronic disease，type of oral medication，and consumer health activation index were influential factors for different potential profiles（P<0.05）. Conclusion The oral frailty in elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions was heterogeneous. Caregivers should focus on the severe oral frailty-low oral functioning group and the moderate oral frailty-high social behavior group，and develop targeted interventions according to the patients’ different profile characteristics and influencing factors to prevent and delay the occurrence of oral frailty.

Key words: Oral Frailty, Aged, Multiple Chronic Conditions, Consumer Health Activation Index, Latent Profile Analysis, Nursing Care

吴敏, 刘芮, 许采颉, 赵云凤, 张莹, 潘爱红. 老年慢性病共病患者口腔衰弱的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(15): 1804-1810.

WU Min, LIU Rui, XU Caijie, ZHAO Yunfeng, ZHANG Ying, PAN Aihong. Latent profile analysis and influencing factor of oral frailty in elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(15): 1804-1810.

图/表 3

表1 老年慢性病共病患者的一般资料及口腔衰弱潜在剖面的单因素分析

Table 1 Univariate analysis of latent profile analysis of oral frailty in elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions

图1 老年慢性病共病患者口腔衰弱的潜在剖面分布特征

Figure 1 Characterization of the distribution of latent profile analysis of oral frailty in elderly patients with multiple chronic conditions

表2 老年慢性病共病患者口腔衰弱潜在剖面影响因素的多元Logistic回归分析（n=418）

Table 2 Multiple Logistic regression analysis of factors influencing latent profile analysis of oral frailty in older patients with multiple chronic conditions（n=418）

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