骨科护士共情疲劳症状的影响因素及路径分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.12.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查骨科护士共情疲劳症状的发生现状，分析其影响因素以及影响因素间的作用路径，为制订针对性的干预方案提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，于2024年5月—6月采用一般资料调查表、共情疲劳量表、护士职业认同评定量表、社会支持评定量表、护士心理资本问卷，对14个省（区、市）20所三级甲等综合医院的骨科护士进行问卷调查。采用单因素分析、Spearman相关分析、多元线性回归分析探究护士共情疲劳症状的影响因素，并构建结构方程模型。结果共发放问卷1 441份，回收有效问卷1 397份，有效问卷回收率为96.94%。护士共情疲劳症状得分为（47.41±12.16）分。多元线性回归分析结果显示，职业认同、社会支持、心理资本、工作时间、每周夜班数是骨科护士共情疲劳症状的影响因素（P<0.05）。路径分析结果显示，模型拟合指标良好，心理资本对共情疲劳症状具有直接作用（β=-0.15，P<0.05）；职业认同（β=1.46，P<0.001；β=-0.38，P<0.001）、社会支持（β=0.14，P<0.001；β=-0.99，P<0.001）在心理资本与共情疲劳症状间具有中介作用。结论骨科护士共情疲劳症状较严重。护理管理者应针对相关影响因素制订有效的预防措施，以减轻骨科护士的共情疲劳症状。

关键词: 骨科, 护士, 共情疲劳, 症状, 影响因素分析, 路径分析

Abstract:

Objective This study aims to investigate the current status and determinants of compassion fatigue symptoms among orthopedic nurses，and to analyze the interrelationships among these determinants to provide references for targeted intervention development. Methods From May to June 2024，a convenience sampling method was employed to recruit orthopedic nurses from 20 tertiary hospitals across 14 provinces and cities in China. The survey instruments encompassed the general demographic information sheet，the Compassion Fatigue Scale，the Social Support Rating Scale，the Nurses' Psychological Capital Questionnaire，and the Professional Identity Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis，Spearman correlation analysis，and multiple linear regression analysis. A structured equation model was also developed. Results Totally 1 397 valid questionnaires were collected，and the effective response rate was 96.94%（1 397/1 441）. The average score of compassion fatigue symptoms was 47.41±12.16. The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that professional identity，social support，psychological capital，length of service，and frequency of night shifts per week were independent determinants of compassion fatigue symptoms（P<0.05）. The path analysis demonstrated a good fit with the specified indicators. Psychological capital exhibited a direct mediating effect on compassion fatigue symptoms（β=-0.15，P<0.05）. Furthermore，professional identity（β=1.46，P<0.001；β=-0.38，P<0.001） and social support （β=0.14，P<0.001；β=-0.99，P<0.001） served as mediators in the relationship between psychological capital and compassion fatigue symptoms. Conclusion The compassion fatigue symptoms among orthopedic nurses are relatively severe. It is imperative for nursing managers to address associated factors of compassion fatigue symptoms among orthopedic nurses and implement effective preventive strategies to mitigate its level.

Key words: Orthopaedics, Nurses, Compassion Fatigue, Symptoms, Root Cause Analysis, Mediation Effect Analysis

韩冰, 李春敏, 郭晨明, 于明明. 骨科护士共情疲劳症状的影响因素及路径分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(12): 1479-1485.

HAN Bing, LI Chunmin, GUO Chenming, YU Mingming. Influencing factors and path analysis of compassion fatigue symptoms in orthopedic nurses[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(12): 1479-1485.

图/表 4

表1 调查对象的一般资料及共情疲劳症状的单因素分析结果（n=1 397）

Table 1 The general characteristics of orthopedic nurses and the results of univariate analysis of compassion fatigue symptoms（n=1 397）

表2 骨科护士心理资本、职业认同、社会支持与共情疲劳症状的相关分析（r 值，n=1 397）

Table 2 Correlations of psychological capital， professional identity，social support and compassion fatigue symptoms in orthopedic nurses（r value，n=1 397）

表3 骨科护士共情疲劳症状的多元线性回归分析结果（n=1 397）

Table 3 Results of multiple linear regression analysis of compassion fatigue symptoms in orthopedic nurses（n=1 397）

图1 骨科护士心理资本、社会支持和职业认同与共情疲劳症状的结构方程模型

Figure 1 Mediating effect model of psychological capital, social support, professional identity and compassion fatigue symptoms in orthopedic nurses

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