NICU家庭病房早产儿父母健康教育方案的构建及应用效果评价

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.20.006

中华护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (20): 2779-2786.DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.20.006

NICU家庭病房早产儿父母健康教育方案的构建及应用效果评价

余雅琪¹(), 熊晓菊¹^,^*(), 丁玲莉¹, 余艮珍¹, 肖瑜¹, 郭月¹, 郭文宇²

¹ 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院护理部武汉市 430030
² 华中科技大学同济医学院护理学院武汉市 430030

收稿日期:2025-12-08 出版日期:2026-10-20 发布日期:2026-10-12
*通讯作者: 熊晓菊，E-mail：540976293@qq.com
作者简介:余雅琪：女，硕士，护师，E-mail：854711914@qq.com
第一联系人：作者贡献声明
余雅琪：论文撰写与修改、资料收集、数据分析；熊晓菊：研究设计、方案构建、论文撰写与修改、资料收集、经费支持；丁玲莉、郭月：研究指导、方案构建；余艮珍：研究指导、方案构建、研究设计；肖瑜：干预实施、资料收集；郭文宇：资料收集、数据分析
基金资助:
华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院护理重点专项课题(2025C01)

Construction and effectiveness evaluation of a health education program for parents of preterm infants in NICU family rooms

YU Yaqi¹(), XIONG Xiaoju¹^,^*(), DING Lingli¹, YU Genzhen¹, XIAO Yu¹, GUO Yue¹, GUO Wenyu²

¹ Department of Nursing， Tongji Hospital，Tongji Medical College，Huazhong University of Science and Technology， Wuhan 430030， China
² School of Nursing， Tongji Medical College，Huazhong University of Science and Technology， Wuhan 430030， China

Received:2025-12-08 Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-10-12
* Corresponding author: XIONG Xiaoju，E-mail：540976293@qq.com
Funding program:
Key Nursing Research Project of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College，Huazhong University of Science and Technology(2025C01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的基于朗催模型构建新生儿重症监护家庭病房早产儿父母健康教育方案并进行初步验证，为临床护理实践提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，选取2025年1—8月入住家庭病房的98组早产儿及其父母作为研究对象，实施基于朗催模型的父母健康教育方案，涵盖目标设定、过程设计、效果评价和持续改进4个核心环节。通过集体授课、床旁指导与线上学习等方式，开展包括基本照护、喂养营养、发育支持、症状观察、急救知识、安全防范、特殊照顾和院外支持8个维度的教育干预。比较干预前后早产儿父母的育儿能力、焦虑程度的差异。评价父母满意率，早产儿矫正0、1、3月龄的体格发育指标，随访率和出院后1、3个月内的再入院率。结果最终98组早产儿及父母完成研究。干预后早产儿父母的育儿能力得分由38.00（31.00，49.25）分提升至71.50（66.75，78.00）分（P<0.001）；焦虑程度得分由5.00（8.00，12.00）分下降至1.00（0，2.00）分（P<0.001）。早产儿父母培训满意率为100%。早产儿矫正3月龄时生长发育指标均达到标准曲线的第25至第50百分位水平，随访率为42.86%。出院后3个月内再入院率为3.06%。结论应用新生儿重症监护家庭病房早产儿父母健康教育方案能提升早产儿父母育儿能力、降低焦虑程度和早产儿再入院风险，具有一定的科学性、可行性和患儿家属认可度。

关键词: 早产儿, 家庭参与式护理, 父母教育, 新生儿重症监护病房, 朗催模型, 新生儿护理

Abstract:

Objective To construct and preliminarily validate a health education program for parents of preterm infants in family rooms of the neonatal intensive care unit based on the Rowntree model，aiming to provide a reference for clinical nursing practice. Methods A convenience sampling method was employed to select 98 preterm infants and their parents admitted to the family rooms between January and August 2025. The parental health education program based on the Rowntree model was implemented，encompassing 4 core components including goal setting，process design，outcome evaluation，and continuous improvement. The intervention covered 8 dimensions including basic care，feeding and nutrition，developmental support，symptom observation，first aid knowledge，safety precautions，special care，and post-discharge support. It was delivered through group lectures，bedside guidance，and online learning. Parenting competency and anxiety were compared before and after the intervention. Additionally，parental satisfaction，preterm growth indicators at 0，1，and 3 months corrected age，follow-up rates，and readmission rates within 1 and 3 months post-discharge were evaluated. Results A total of 98 participants completed the study. Post-intervention，the parenting competency scores significantly increased to 71.50（66.75，78.00） from a pre-intervention score of 38.00（31.00，49.25）（P<0.001）. The anxiety score significantly decreased to 1.00（0，2.00） from 5.00（8.00，12.00）（P<0.001）. The parental satisfaction rate was 100%. At 3 months corrected age，the preterm infants’ growth data all reached the P₂₅-P₅₀ levels of the standard curve，with a follow-up rate of 42.86%. The readmission rate within 3 months post-discharge was 3.06%. Conclusion The health education program for parents of preterm infants in family rooms of the neonatal intensive care unit was effective in improving parental caregiving competence, alleviating parental anxiety, and reducing the risk of rehospitalization in preterm infants. The program demonstrated scientific rigor, feasibility, and good acceptability among parents.

Key words: Preterm Infant, Family Integrated Care, Parent Education, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Rowntree Model, Neonatal Care

余雅琪, 熊晓菊, 丁玲莉, 余艮珍, 肖瑜, 郭月, 郭文宇. NICU家庭病房早产儿父母健康教育方案的构建及应用效果评价[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(20): 2779-2786.

YU Yaqi, XIONG Xiaoju, DING Lingli, YU Genzhen, XIAO Yu, GUO Yue, GUO Wenyu. Construction and effectiveness evaluation of a health education program for parents of preterm infants in NICU family rooms[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(20): 2779-2786.

图/表 5

表1 朗催模型各阶段核心内容与实施路径

Table 1 Core contents and implementation pathways for the Rowntree Model

表2 NICU家庭病房早产儿父母健康教育方案

Table 2 Health education program for parents of preterm infants in the NICU family room

表3 研究对象的一般资料（n=98）

Table 3 General information of participants（n=98）

表4 干预前后早产儿父母育儿能力及焦虑程度得分的比较[n=98，分，M（P25，P75）]

Table 4 Comparison of parenting competency and anxiety scores before and after intervention[n=98，score，M（P25，P75）]

表5 早产儿出院后生长发育情况（n=98，$\bar{x}±s$）

Table 5 Growth and development outcomes in preterm infants after discharge（n=98，$\bar{x}±s$）

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NICU家庭病房早产儿父母健康教育方案的构建及应用效果评价

Construction and effectiveness evaluation of a health education program for parents of preterm infants in NICU family rooms

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