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    10 January 2026, Volume 61 Issue 1
    Special Planning——The Multidimensional Health Care for the Elderly in the Community
    Construction and implementation of an online oral health education program for community-dwelling elder adults
    TAO Binbin, YIN Qianyu, CHAI Zhaowu, AO Chunyan, LIU Ping, ZHANG Qian, YANG Bing
    2026, 61(1):  9-16.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.001
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    Objective To develop and evaluate an oral health education program for the elderly in the communities using WeChat Mini Programs as the delivery platform,providing a nursing care reference for the age-friendly development of digital health education in nursing practice. Methods We employed semi-structured interviews,literature review and analysis,and expert meetings to develop an oral health education program for the elderly base on cognitive load theory. Using a convenience sampling method,elderly individuals from 3 communities in Chongqing were selected between November 2024 and April 2025. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1 ∶ 1 ratio to either an experimental group(n=37) or a control group(n=37). The experimental group received the mini-program-based oral health education program,while the control group received conventional oral health education. After the intervention,differences in cognitive load between the 2 groups were compared using the workload profile,reading comprehension scores,and average reading time. The application experience of the intervention in the experimental group was evaluated through semi-structured interviews. Results A total of 36 participants in the experimental group and 34 in the control group completed the intervention. After the intervention,the experimental group demonstrated significantly lower workload(P<0.01) and significantly better performance(P<0.001) than the control group. However,there was no significant difference in average reading time between the 2 groups(P>0.05). Totally 3 themes were extracted from interviews with 11 participants:perceived ease of usability and integration,perceived readabiling and empowerment,perceived motivation and sense of achievement. Conclusion The program can effectively reduce cognitive load for the elderly,promote their oral health education knowledge comprehension and internalization,as well as enhance learning motivation and engagement experience. It provides both theoretical insights and practical models for developing age-friendly digital health education interventions.

    Specialist Nursing Practice and Research
    Effect of medication self-management behavior on frailty among community-dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity
    RU Xiuli, HAN Mengdan, JI Lili, ZHOU Lina, LI Xuewen, ZHANG Yishuang
    2026, 61(1):  17-22.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.002
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    Objective To investigate the current status of medication self-management behavior and frailty among community-dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity,and to explore the impact of medication self-management behavior on frailty,providing a reference for community nursing practice. Methods Using a convenience sampling method,336 older adults with chronic multimorbidity in Kaifeng City,Henan Province were selected as participants between December 2024 and March 2025. Data were collected using a General Information Questionnaire,the Medication Self-Management Behavior Scale,and the Chinese version of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator(TFI). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was employed to explore the influence of medication self-management behavior on frailty. Results 312 valid questionnaires were collected. The frailty score among community-dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity was(4.25 ± 2.63) points,with a frailty prevalence rate of 36.22%. The score on the Medication Self-Management Behavior Scale was(74.14 ± 8.16) points. Results from the hierarchical regression analysis showed that medication self-management behavior independently explained 18.2% of the variance in frailty among these patients. Conclusion Medication self-management behavior among community-dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity is at a moderate level,while the prevalence of frailty is relatively high. Medication self-management behavior is a significant influencing factor for frailty. Healthcare professionals should implement tailored interventions to improve medication self-management behavior levels in this population,aiming to prevent and delay the onset of frailty.

    The impact of fear of falling on self-awareness of falls in community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes
    LU Qinyi, LU Chengqian, ZHAO Yafen, JIN Xueqin
    2026, 61(1):  23-29.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.003
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    Objective To investigate the impact and threshold effect of fear of falling on self-awareness of falls in community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes,providing a basis for fall prevention. Methods A convenience sample of 250 older patients with type 2 diabetes from a community health center in Kunshan was surveyed between March and July 2025. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire,the Self-Awareness of Falls in Elderly Scale,and Fear of Falling Questionnaire-Reversed Scale. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the impact of fear of falling on self-awareness of falls,followed by threshold effect analysis. Results A total of 245 valid questionnaires were collected,yielding a response rate of 98.0%. The mean score for fear of falling was(36.34 ± 11.46) points,and the self-awareness of falls score was(56.87 ± 15.47) points. Fear of falling independently explained 9.7% of the variance in self-awareness of falls. Fitting curve results revealed a nonlinear relationship between fear of falling and self-awareness of falls(P<0.001). When the fear of falling score was below 32 points,self-awareness of falls decreased as the fear of falling score increased(P<0.05). Conclusion Community-dwelling elderly patients with type 2 diabetes have a relatively high level of self-awareness of falls and a moderate level of fear of falling. A non-linear association exists between fear of falling and self-awareness of falls. When fear of falling is <32 points,it can be used as a starting point for psychological interventions to improve patients’ self-awareness of falls by alleviating fear of falling.

    Barriers to the use of respite care by home-dwelling older adults with dementia and family caregivers:a meta-synthesis
    GAO Weijie, SUN Yumei
    2026, 61(1):  30-37.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.004
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    Objective To identify the barriers to respite services use for older adults with dementia living at home and their family caregivers,so as to provide references for optimizing respite service delivery strategies. Methods Totally 8 Chinese and English databases were searched to select qualitative and mixed-method studies published between January 2011 and September 2025 on the barriers to respite service use among home-dwelling older adults with dementia and their family caregivers. The mixed methods appraisal tool was used for literature quality assessment,and the results were synthesized using the service accessibility theory as the framework. Results A total of 34 articles were included,from which 150 research findings were extracted. These were synthesized into 25 barrier factors,which were categorized into 5 dimensions:accessibility and ability to perceive(5 factors),acceptability and ability to seek(6 factors),availability and ability to reach(5 factors),affordability and ability to pay(3 factors),and appropriateness and ability to engage(6 factors). Conclusion The utilization of respite services is constrained by multiple barrier factors. It is recommended that relevant departments adopt comprehensive strategies across multiple dimensions,such as information dissemination,knowledge popularization,cultural adaptation,renewal of elderly care concepts,resource optimization,economic support,and service quality improvement,to enhance the quality of life for the target population.

    A scoping review of digital health interventions for depression management among older adults in rural areas
    WANG Jingying, LUO Yating, JIA Sipei, GAN Gang, LIU Min, ZHANG Qiuxiang, XIE Jianfei
    2026, 61(1):  38-45.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.005
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    Objective This scoping review aimed to examine the design and implementation of digital health interventions for managing depression among older adults living in rural areas,in order to provide evidence and guidance for future research and practice. Methods Following the methodological framework for scoping reviews,a systematic search was conducted in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,PsycINFO,Scopus,CNKI,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from inception to August 30,2025. Eligible studies were analyzed and synthesized descriptively. Results A total of 16 studies were included,comprising 12 randomized controlled trials and 4 quasi-experimental studies. The studies were conducted in several countries,such as the United States,South Korea,Brazil,and China. Digital health interventions primarily employed psychological approaches such as behavioral activation,problem-solving therapy,and psychoeducation,delivered through technological platforms including telephone,video,mobile applications,and wearable devices. Intervention components included remote sessions,message reminders,monitoring and feedback,home visit,and online training programs,with delivery models ranging from therapist-led to lay facilitator-delivered and self-guided formats. Assessment indicators included depressive symptoms,health status and health-related quality of life,anxiety symptoms,physiological functioning,social functioning,loneliness,well-being,physiological indicators,sleep quality,stigma,e-health literacy,self-efficacy,perceived stress,personal resources,and healthcare resource utilization,as well as feasibility and acceptability. Conclusion Digital health interventions demonstrate certain feasibility and acceptability in managing depression among older adults in rural areas,particularly in overcoming geographic barriers and enhancing service accessibility.

    Standards
    Expert consensus on pulmonary rehabilitation care for pediatric lung transplant recipients
    Respiratory Professional Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association(Writing Committee:ZENG Fei, LAN Meijuan, CAI Lingyun, GU Peipei, ZHU Yan, WANG Yandie, LIANG Jiangshuyuan)
    2026, 61(1):  46-52.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.006
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    Objective To develop an expert consensus on pulmonary rehabilitation care after pediatric lung transplantation(hereinafter referred to as “consensus”),in order to standardize the practice of pediatric pulmonary rehabilitation care in medical institutions after pediatric lung transplantation and promote early recovery of children. Methods Guided by the evidence-based approach,combined with clinical nursing practice experience,a draft of the “consensus” was formed. From January to March 2025,12 experts were invited to conduct 2 rounds of expert inquiries to revise and improve the initial draft of “consensus”. On March 16,2025,an expert validation meeting was held to form the final draft of the “consensus”. Results The response rates for the 2 rounds of expert consultations were 100%,respectively,with expert authority coefficients of 0.815. The importance ratings for each item were all greater than 4 points,and the coefficient of variation was less than 0.25 for all items. The Kendall’s coefficient of concordance for the 2 rounds of expert consultations were 0.115 and 0.178(P<0.05). The finalized “consensus” covers 12 areas,including multidisciplinary team formation and management,fluid management,mechanical ventilation,sequential oxygen therapy,pulmonary function training,exercise training,safety management,pain management,nutrition management,immunosuppressive agent management,psychosocial support,and health education. Conclusion This “consensus” has strong scientificity and clinical applicability,which can provide guidance for clinical nursing staff to carry out postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation care for children after lung transplantation.

    Expert consensus on shared care management for adult palliative care patients
    Palliative Care Professional Committee of Chinese Nursing Association(Writing Committee:GUO Junchen, CHEN Yongyi, YING Wenjuan, LÜ Yinyin, ZHAO Yun, QIANG Wanmin, XU Xiaoxia, HU Yonghong
    2026, 61(1):  53-56.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.007
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    Objective To develop an expert consensus on shared palliative care management for adults to standardize clinical service processes and promote the high-quality implementation of shared palliative care in China. Methods A consensus drafting group was established to systematically search international and domestic guideline websites and databases for relevant evidence on shared palliative care management for adults. Based on the evidence summary,a preliminary draft of the consensus was developed. From April 2024 to February 2025,a total of 2 rounds of expert Delphi consultations and 2 expert panel discussions were conducted to refine and improve the content based on expert opinions,ultimately forming the final version of the consensus. Results The effective questionnaire recovery rates of the 2 rounds of consultation were 87.50% and 94.29%; the expert opinion submission rates were 100% and 81.82%;the coefficient of expert authority was 0.88; the coefficients of Kendall harmony in 2 rounds were 0.128 and 0.134 (both P<0.001); the mean importance scores of the items ranged from 4.54 to 4.97 and from 4.73 to 5.00,and the coefficients of variation ranged from 0.03 to 0.20 and from 0 to 0.13. The finalized consensus comprises 9 primary domains,including the scope,terms and definitions,fundamental requirements,service environment,service team,target population,service process,service content,and quality control. Conclusion The consensus demonstrates a high level of scientific rigor and provides a structured framework for the standardized implementation of shared palliative care management for adults in China.

    Specialist Nursing Practice and Research
    Comparative study on bilateral and unilateral ball-squeezing exercise in patients with PICC
    ZHENG Cuiyan, FENG Yaping, LIU Zhimei, HU Huiqun
    2026, 61(1):  57-62.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.008
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    Objective To compare the effects of bilateral ball-squeezing exercise and unilateral (catheter-side) ball-squeezing exercise in patients with peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC) placement,so as to provide evidence for clinical practice. Methods Convenience sampling was used to recruit PICC patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province from May to December 2023. Participants were randomly assigned into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table. The experimental group performed bilateral ball-squeezing exercise,while the control group performed unilateral ball-squeezing exercise with the catheter-side limb. The incidence of catheter-related thrombosis,hemodynamics of the axillary vein on the catheter side,exercise compliance,and the incidence of other catheter-related complications were compared between the 2 groups. Results A total of 222 patients completed the study,including 113 in the experimental group and 109 in the control group. The incidence of catheter-related thrombosis was significantly lower in the experimental group than it in the control group(P=0.024). On days 21 and 28 after catheterization,the venous blood flow velocity and flow volume in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Exercise compliance was significantly better in the experimental group than it in the control group(P=0.002). The incidence of other catheter-related complications showed no significant difference between the 2 groups(P=0.629). Conclusion Bilateral ball-squeezing exercise can reduce the incidence of catheter-related thrombosis,increase venous blood flow velocity and flow volume in the axillary vein on the catheter side,and improve patients’ exercise compliance,without increasing the risk of other catheter-related complications.

    Study on the application of a standardized nursing protocol for venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with complex high-risk coronary heart disease
    GUO Enhui, LANG Qiuyan, WEN Hanchun, GAN Yanmei, WANG Shulin, LI Gaoye
    2026, 61(1):  63-69.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.009
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    Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized nursing protocol for venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(VA-ECMO) in treating complex high-risk coronary heart disease and to provide a reference for clinical nursing practice. Methods Using convenience sampling,we selected 56 complex high-risk intervention patients(CHIP) who underwent interventional treatment with VA-ECMO assistance at a tertiary A hospital in Nanning,Guangxi,from April 2020 to June 2025. The experimental group comprised 26 patients admitted from January 2024 to June 2025 who received a standardized nursing protocol for VA-ECMO-assisted complex high-risk coronary intervention. The control group comprised 30 patients admitted from April 2020 to December 2023 who received conventional nursing protocols. We compared equipment availability time,circuit pre-charging time,catheterization completion time,degree of nurse-physician collaboration,ECMO assistance duration,and complication incidence between groups. Results No sample dropped out. The experimental group demonstrated shorter times for equipment availability,circuit pre-charging,catheterization completion,and ECMO assistance duration compared to the control group. The experimental group also had a lower complication incidence and higher medical-nursing cooperation scores. All differences were statistically significant(P<0.001). Conclusion The standardized nursing protocol for VA-ECMO-assisted CHIP intervention optimizes the nursing process,improves the timeliness of key VA-ECMO assistance steps and medical-nursing cooperation,and reduces complication incidence.

    Study on the application of augmented reality somatosensory exercise training on early mobilization in patients after debridement and decortication for tuberculous empyema
    GAO Dan, YAO Liwei, HUANG Jinpeng, LIU Xiaoxia, ZHANG Yue, MAO Xiaoxiao
    2026, 61(1):  70-77.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.010
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    Objective Based on the theory of information-knowledge-attitude-practice,the application effect of Augmented Reality(AR) somatosensory exercise in the early activities of patients with tuberculous empyema was discussed. Methods From November 2023 to November 2024,62 patients with tuberculous empyema who were newly admitted to the Department of Tuberculosis Surgery of a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou were enrolled by convenience sampling. They were divided into an experimental group(31 cases) and a control group(31 cases) by random number table method. AR somatosensory exercise training program was used in the experimental group,and routine nursing intervention was used in the control group. The differences of exercise index score,activities of daily living,first ambulation out of bed,chest tube indwelling and hospitalization time before intervention and on the 2nd and 3rd day after operation were compared between the 2 groups. Results A patient in the experimental group and a patient in the control group dropped out due to postoperative non-cooperation intervention. There were 30 patients in each group who completed the study. On the 2nd and 3rd day after operation,the fear of exercise score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group(Wald χ2=161.067,77.949,P<0.001).The exercise endurance score was higher than that of the control group(Wald χ2=7.206,5.045,P<0.05). The score of exercise compliance in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(Wald χ2=11.395,18.580,P<0.05). The score of activities of daily living in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(Wald χ2=26.568,67.714,P<0.001). The first ambulation out of bed,chest tube indwelling and hospitalization time after operation were shorter than those in the control group(t=4.930,Z=-2.261,Z=-2.137,P<0.05). Conclusion The AR somatosensory exercise program based on IKAP theory can improve the postoperative exercise and the postoperative activities of daily living of patients with tuberculous empyema. The first postoperative ambulation,postoperative chest tube indwelling and postoperative hospital stay can also be shortened.

    Effectiveness of lower limb compression therapy in preventing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer patients
    PENG Yuan, YANG Zhengwei, HE Chuan, CHEN Yuqin
    2026, 61(1):  78-84.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.011
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    Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of lower limb compression therapy in preventing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy(CIPN) among breast cancer patients,aiming to provide clinical nursing practice with an effective non-pharmacological intervention strategy. Methods Using convenience sampling,84 breast cancer patients hospitalized in the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery of a tertiary grade A hospital in Nanchong City,Sichuan Province,between February 2023 and January 2024,who were receiving a chemotherapy containing nab-paclitaxel,were selected as study subjects. They were divided into an experimental group(n=42) and a control group(n=42) using a simple randomization method. Patients in the experimental group wore graduated compression stockings at 30 minutes prior to each chemotherapy session until 30 minutes after cessation of the chemotherapy. The control group received routine care. The experimental intervention was applied to all chemotherapy cycles. Plantar tactile sensation was assessed before each chemotherapy session and after the last chemotherapy session to evaluate the patients’ lower extremity peripheral nerve injury and balance function. These assessments were performed before each chemotherapy cycle and after the final cycle. Results 39 patients in the experimental group and 37 in the control group completed the study. The incidence of plantar tactile impairment was significantly lower in the experimental group than that in the control group(P<0.001). The median time to symptom onset was also delayed in the experimental group(P<0.001). Generalized Estimating Equation analysis showed a significant interaction between time and group for sensory scores(P=0.008),indicating a less severe sensory damage in the experimental group. At 1 month after the final chemotherapy cycle,the balance function declined in the control group,with success rates in the Four-Stage Balance Test or Timed Up and Go test decreasing by approximately 18.9%(P<0.05). Conclusion Lower extremity compression therapy delayed the onset and progression of nab-paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy,reduced its severity,and helped maintain the balance function during chemotherapy.

    Influencing factors and nursing implications of hearing impairment in patients with post-radiotherapy nasopharyngeal cancer
    JIANG Xiangling, LU Huifen, YU Youjun, LIN Xiaoli, HUANG Peiling
    2026, 61(1):  85-92.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.012
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    Objective To investigate the status and risk factors of hearing impairment after radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and control of hearing impairment. Methods Using a stratified random sampling method,a follow-up survey was conducted among 431 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who had undergone radiotherapy in a tertiary hospital of Foshan from October 2023 to March 2025. General information,disease-related data,post-radiotherapy ear care behaviors,and complications data from follow-up were collected,and hearing impairment was assessed. The major factors associated with hearing impairment after radiotherapy were analyzed using the random forest algorithm and elastic net regression. Results Within 1~12 years after radiotherapy,the mean hearing threshold of patients was(47.37±21.90)dB,with an overall incidence of hearing impairment of 73.78%(318/431). Univariate analysis,random forest algorithm,and elastic net regression revealed 6 major risk factors,including the number of years since radiotherapy,cisplatin dosage,age,time to first onset of otitis media after radiotherapy,number of ear-related complications,and eustachian tube function exercises within the first 2 years. Conclusion The incidence of hearing impairment of post-radiotherapy nasopharyngeal cancer is high. Clinical medical staff should optimize treatment plans and pay close attention to the prevention and management of post-radiotherapy ear complications,in order to slow the progression and severity of hearing impairment.

    A qualitative study of self-management behavior maintenance dilemmas in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    ZHENG Wenjing, ZHANG Wenqian, JIANG Qiuhuan, HOU Linlin, ZHANG Mengmeng
    2026, 61(1):  93-98.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.013
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    Objective To explore the dilemmas and causes of self-management behavior maintenance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and to provide a basis for developing continuous self-management intervention strategies. Methods A descriptive qualitative study guided by the ego depletion theory was conducted. Using purposive sampling,18 T2DM inpatients were recruited from the endocrinology department of a tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou,Henan Province,between February and April 2025. Semi-structured interviews were conducted,and the data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results A total of 3 themes and 10 sub-themes were identified,namely the antecedents of behavioral depletion(long-term accumulation of multiple management tasks,conflict of social roles,dysfunctional social support,biased perception of disease risks),the process of behavioral depletion (conflict between impulsive attitudes and management standards,imbalance between negative emotions and rational decision-making,gap between behavioral intention and implementation),and the aftereffects of behavioral depletion (impulsive decision-making,accumulation of negative emotions,self-indulgence). Conclusion The difficulty in sustaining self-management behaviors among T2DM patients results from the continuous depletion of self-regulatory resources due to multifaceted factors,leading to ego depletion. Nursing professionals should prioritize monitoring the impact of resource depletion on patients and implement timely resource replenishment and recovery strategies. This approach is essential for supporting patients in maintaining optimal behavioral states and enhancing the sustainability of self-management practices.

    Effect of preoperative quantitative compression arm exercises on autogenous arteriovenous fistula maturation in hemodialysis patients
    WANG Hongyan, LIU Jing, WANG Hongying, XIA Ningning, XIAO Leijuan, YUAN Yingying
    2026, 61(1):  99-105.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.014
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    Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of preoperative quantitative compression arm exercises on the maturation of autogenous arteriovenous fistula(AVF) in peri-dialysis patients,and to provide a reference for clinical nursing practice. Methods A single-center,open-label,randomized controlled trial was conducted. Totally 60 patients scheduled for their first AVF creation surgery at the hemodialysis center of a tertiary A hospital in Nanjing from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected as study subjects. They were randomly assigned to either an experimental group(n=30) or a control group(n=30) using a random number table. The experimental group performed preoperative quantitative compression arm exercises for 2 weeks,using a pressure of 10 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),for 15~20 minutes each time,5 times daily. The control group performed non-quantitative arm exercises with the same frequency and duration starting 2 weeks before surgery. The cephalic vein diameter and blood flow volume were compared between the 2 groups on the first day before surgery and at 2,4,6,and 8 weeks after surgery. The maturation rate was assessed at the 8th week. Complications such as thrombosis and vascular stenosis were also observed. Results The experimental group and the control group ultimately included 29 and 26 cases,respectively. The AVF maturation rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the time to maturation at the 8th postoperative week was shorter in the experimental group(P<0.05). The differences in cephalic vein diameter and fistula blood flow volume between groups,across different time points,and their interaction were all statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Preoperative quantitative compression arm exercises can improve vascular conditions,enlarge vessel diameter,facilitate AVF maturation,and reduce complications such as thrombosis and vascular stenosis,while ensuring fistula safety.

    Construction and validation of a frailty risk prediction model for elderly patients with traumatic brain injury
    WANG Yangyang, YIN Na, LI Jiaqi, ZHANG Ju, GONG Tingting, YANG Minfei
    2026, 61(1):  106-112.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.015
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    Objective To analyze the influencing factors of frailty in elderly patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI),construct and validate the predictive model of its risk,and provide a reference for the prevention of frailty in elderly TBI patients. Methods The clinical data of 337 elderly patients with TBI who were admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary general hospital in Zhejiang Province from October 2024 to March 2025 were retrospectively collected. The modeling group included 237 cases,while the validation group comprised 100 cases. Univariate analysis,binary Logistic regression analysis,and Lasso regression were used to explore the risk factors of frailty in elderly TBI patients,and collinearity tests were conducted. The nomogram prediction model for frailty in elderly TBI patients was drawn using R software. Internal validation and spatial external validation were performed on the validation set using the Bootstrap method,and the predictive performance of the model was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test,the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve,calibration curves,and decision curves. Results The model variables included polypharmacy status,Glasgow Coma Score,and Revised Trauma Score. The area under the ROC curve of the modeling set was 0.854(95%CI:0.808~0.900),with the optimal cut-off value of 0.454,a sensitivity of 74.20%,and a specificity of 78.10%. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test(χ2=4.188,P= 0.899) indicated that the model had good goodness of fit. Conclusion The constructed predictive model for frailty in elderly TBI patients has good discrimination,calibration,and clinical practicability,and can provide a reference for the early screening and prevention of frailty in high-risk elderly TBI patients.

    Latent profile analysis and influencing factors of volume management behaviors in maintenance hemodialysis patients
    LI Kui, PAN Aihong, XU Peili, XU Caijie, REN Runan, WANG Chun
    2026, 61(1):  113-120.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.016
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    Objective To identify and classify the population characteristics of volume management behaviors in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) using latent profile analysis(LPA),and to explore the influen-cing factors for each latent profile. Methods A convenience sample of 304 outpatients receiving regular hemodialysis at a tertiary hospital in Anhui Province,were recruited between March 2024 and March 2025. Participants completed questionnaires including a General Information Questionnaire,the Volume Management Behavior Scale for MHD Patients,the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),the Family APGAR Index,and the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES). Latent Profile Analysis and Multivariate Logistic Regression were employed to analyze the latent profiles of volume management behaviors and their influencing factors among MHD patients. Results A total of 278 valid questionnaires were collected,yielding an effective response rate of 91.45%. LPA revealed 3 distinct latent profiles of volume management behaviors:low management behavior group(23.74%),moderate management behavior group(56.48%),and high management behavior group(19.78%). Pre-dialysis blood pressure,interdialytic weight gain,educational attain-ment,dialysis vintage,family support,and general self-efficacy are factors influencing the latent profiles of fluid management behaviors in maintenance hemodialysis patients(P<0.05). Conclusion Significant group heterogeneity exists in volume management behaviors among MHD patients. Healthcare professionals can utilize the distinct category characteristics and influencing factors associated with these different behavioral profiles to formulate targeted nursing intervention strategies,ultimately improving patients’ quality of life.

    Rare Dieases and Critical Care
    Nursing practice of brain-computer interface-guided active rehabilitation in a patient with post-stroke hemiplegia during the recovery phase
    LIAO Rongrong, XU Wang, ZHENG Zhouxue, QIN Huimin, WU Wen, TANG Danzhe
    2026, 61(1):  121-124.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.017
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    This study was conducted to summarize the nursing experience of using a brain-computer interface to guide active rehabilitation in a patient with hemiplegia at the convalescent stage of stroke. Key points of nursing care included the following aspects:the construction of a case management team composed of medical technicians and engineers;implementation of a specialized nurse-led dynamic assessment of the active rehabilitation,covering the assessment of basic cognitive and knowledge requirements for the treatment using brain-computer interface technology,the assessment of rehabilitation confidence and emotional states in the proposed treatment,and re-evaluation of nursing issues based on the first experience of this treatment;the performance of personalized strategies for attention maintenance,including dynamic monitoring and recording of attention fluctuations,and personalized interventions on attention fluctuation. The patient was hospitalized for 16 days and underwent a total of 12 times of treatments using brain-computer interface technology. Upon discharge,the patient was observed with strengthened active attention by 71%,and improved motor function of the left lower limb(Fugl-Meyer score) from 20 points to 23 points,with the rehabilitation confidence increased by 10%,and anxiety level decreased by 25%. Based on the 1-month follow-up after discharge,the patient experienced recovery of the left limb muscle strength to level 4.

    Nursing care of a patient with pseudo-hypertriglyceridemia and severe acute pancreatitis
    WANG Xiaoling, WANG Kaili, WU Haizhen, ZHENG Huijun, SU Wei, ZHU Jianping, CHEN Guang, ZHUANG Yiyu
    2026, 61(1):  125-129.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.018
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    To summarize the nursing experience of a rare case of pseudo-hypertriglyceridemia caused by non-glycerol kinase deficiency combined with severe acute pancreatitis. The key nursing points include:establishing a multidisciplinary case management team;collaborating with pharmacists to create an ICU database of glycerol-containing medications to standardize drug management;closely monitoring disease progression to enable early detection and standardized management of pseudo-hypertriglyceridemia;implementing refined nursing care for double filtration plasmapheresis nursing,observe and handle parameter settings, alarms, and complications;performing early identification and standardized management of intra-abdominal hemorrhage. After the aforementioned intervention,the patient’s abdominal pain symptoms were alleviated and renal function gradually recovered. After 25 days of treatment,the patient’s condition stabilized and he was discharged from the hospital upon recovery.

    Review
    Progress in the application of nutritional screening and assessment tools for esophageal cancer patients in clinical nursing
    ZHOU Fangping, MIAO Yanqin, MIAO Yanqin, WANG Xinyu
    2026, 61(1):  130-136.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.019
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    Patients with esophageal cancer have a very high incidence of malnutrition due to mechanical obstruction and hyper-metabolic state,which seriously affects clinical outcomes. Accurate nutritional screening and assessment in clinical practice are the basis for implementing effective nutritional support. However,the existing tools are not specifically designed for patients with esophageal cancer,and their validity and characteristics in this population need to be verified urgently. This paper summarizes and compiles the commonly used domestic and international nutritional screening tools and nutritional assessment tools,and subsequently reviews their application in esophageal cancer patients. A comparative analysis of nutritional screening and assessment tools for different types of esophageal cancer patients,with recommendations for clinical application. The aim is to provide references for developing systematic and individualized nutritional screening and assessment strategies specifically tailored for esophageal cancer patients,thereby optimizing nutritional management for this population.

    Psychological intervention strategies for compassion fatigue in nurses:a scoping review
    REN Zhenhui, DU Jie, LIU Yiting, LI Yamin
    2026, 61(1):  137-144.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.020
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    Objective To systematically sort out the current research status of psychological interventions for nurses’ compassion fatigue by means of a scoping review,to generalize and summarize intervention methods,formats,duration,outcome measures and efficacy,so as to provide a reference basis for the development of clinical interventions and related research. Methods We conducted a systematic search in both Chinese and English medical databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CINAHL,Cochrane Library,ScienceDirect,Psyc-ARTI-CLES,CNKI,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,and Sinomed. The search period was from the inception of each database to June 17,2025. The included literature was analyzed and summarized. Results A total of 33 studies were included,published from 2011 to 2025. Psychological interventions for nurse compassion fatigue included 5 categories,which were mindfulness interventions,social support and peer mutual assistance interventions,emotional and cognitive interventions,psychological resilience interventions,and educational interventions. Intervention formats included online,offline and blend interventions. The frequency of interventions ranged from once weekly to 3 times daily,and the duration of single intervention was 5 min to 5 h. The outcome indicators included feasibility evaluation metrics,such as nurses’ acceptance,engagement and satisfaction,and efficacy evaluation metrics,such as levels of compassion fatigue and psychological resilience. Conclusion Research on psychological intervention strategies for compassion fatigue in nurses,existing studies focus on class-based experimental designs,with small sample sizes,single group coverage and lack of reported qualifications for intervention providers. Future research should concentrate on setting up specialized teams,creating targeted strategies,improving process-based evaluation and extending follow-up periods in order to further refine psychological intervention strategies for nursing compassion fatigue,and evaluate their efficacy.