Abstract:

ICU-acquired dysphagia（ICU-ASD） is a prevalent complication in critically ill patients，which elevates the risk of adverse outcomes including aspiration，malnutrition，and pulmonary infection，and significantly impairs patients’ prognosis and quality of life. As a non-invasive intervention，swallowing muscle training is characterised by its ease of administration and high safety profile，and has been proven to improve swallowing function. This paper focuses on the pathogenesis of ICU-acquired dysphagia and provides a systematic review of the theoretical basis，training methods，training formats and clinical outcomes of swallowing muscle training both domestically and internationally. It also analyzes the limitations of existing research，with the aim of providing theoretical guidance for swallowing muscle training programmes for patients with ICU-acquired dysphagia.

Key words: Swallowing Muscle Training, ICU-Acquired Swallowing Disorders, Swallowing Function, Rehabilitation Nursing, Review

摘要：

ICU获得性吞咽障碍是重症患者常见并发症之一，可增加误吸、营养不良、肺部感染等不良结局风险，严重影响患者的预后与生活质量。吞咽肌群训练作为非侵入性的干预手段，具有操作简便、安全性高的特点，已被证实可改善患者的吞咽功能。该文围绕ICU获得性吞咽障碍的发生机制，系统综述国内外吞咽肌群训练的理论依据、训练方式及训练形式、临床效果，同时分析现有研究的局限性，旨在为临床优化ICU获得性吞咽障碍患者的吞咽肌群训练方案提供理论指导。

关键词: 吞咽肌群训练, ICU获得性吞咽障碍, 吞咽功能, 康复护理, 综述