Abstract:

As a key pre-dementia warning state，elderly motor cognitive risk syndrome is characterized by slow walking speed and subjective cognitive decline as core traits，which significantly increases the risk of adverse outcomes such as falls，disability，and dementia in the elderly. Because of its characteristics of being interesting and easy to operate，as well as its synergistic improvement effect on balance and cognitive function，square-step exercise has gradually become a new strategy for preventing motor cognitive risk syndrome. This article reviews the origin，core content，implementation process，precautions of square-step exercise and the application status of square-step exercise in the prevention of elderly motor cognitive risk syndrome，analyzes the challenges it faces and puts forward countermeasures，aiming to provide references for constructing a scientific and effective prevention strategy for motor cognitive risk syndrome.

Key words: Square-Step Exercise, Motor Cognitive Risk Syndrome, Prevention, Review, Geriatric Nursing

摘要：

老年人运动认知风险综合征作为痴呆前关键预警状态，以步速缓慢和主观认知下降为核心特征，会增加老年人跌倒、失能及痴呆等不良结局的发生风险。方步运动兼具趣味性、易操作性，且具有协同改善平衡与认知功能的作用，已逐渐成为预防运动认知风险综合征的有效策略。该文综述了方步运动的起源、核心内容、实施流程、注意事项及其在老年人运动认知风险综合征预防中的应用现状，分析其面临的挑战并提出对策，从而为构建科学有效的运动认知风险综合征预防策略提供参考。

关键词: 方步运动, 运动认知风险综合征, 预防, 综述, 老年护理