The development status and enlightenment of family nurse practitioners in the United States

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.05.020

Abstract

Abstract:

Establishing the family nurse practitioner role was a significant initiative in the United States to address challenges such as population aging，physician shortages，and limited healthcare accessibility in rural and remote regions. This article reviews the historical development，current practice landscape，and educational and credentialing systems of family nurse practitioners in the United States and offers insights to deepen the understanding of the advanced practice nurse role. It further provides guidance for optimizing nursing talent cultivation and the service system within China’s primary healthcare system.

Key words: Family Nurse Practitioners, Advanced Practice Nurse, Review

摘要：

设置家庭开业护士是美国应对人口老龄化、医生短缺、农村及偏远地区医疗服务可及性差等问题的重要举措。该文对美国家庭开业护士的发展历程、执业现状、教育与认证等内容进行综述并提出启示，以深化对高级实践护士的角色认知，并为国内基层医疗卫生系统的护理人才培养和服务体系优化提供参考。

关键词: 家庭开业护士, 高级实践护士, 综述

CHEN Ling, SONG Xiuqi, REN Wei, YU Lihua, QUAN Hongmei, YANG Yani, CAI Wenzhi. The development status and enlightenment of family nurse practitioners in the United States[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(5): 715-720.

陈玲, 宋秀琪, 任伟, 余丽华, 全红梅, 杨亚妮, 蔡文智. 美国家庭开业护士的发展现状及启示[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(5): 715-720.

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