Abstract:

Objective To conduct a scoping review of the psychological experiences，influencing factors，and intervention strategies related to social isolation among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis，with the aim of informing future research and clinical practice. Methods According to the scoping review framework，relevant literature was systematically retrieved，with the search period extending from the database inception to September 3，2025. The included studies were summarized and analyzed. Results A total of 16 studies were included，comprising 3 qualitative studies，11 cross-sectional studies，and 2 intervention studies. The main psychological experiences include social avoidance，self-isolation，role weakening，and a sense of isolation within the healthcare system. The influencing factors cover multiple dimensions，including demographic data，disease-related information，and psychosocial factors，with some studies showing heterogeneous results. Intervention strategies involve family-oriented acceptance and commitment therapy and group-based mindfulness interventions，both of which were shown to alleviate social isolation and improve psychological well-being. Conclusion Research on social isolation among maintenance hemodialysis patients remains in its preliminary stage. The influencing factors are complex，and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated，while intervention strategies are relatively limited. Future studies should focus on developing disease-specific assessment tools，establishing early identification models，and conducting longitudinal and interventional research，in order to generate robust evidence that supports social reintegration and enhances quality of life for this patient population.

Key words: Maintenance Hemodialysis, Social Alienation, Nursing Care, Scoping Review

摘要：

目的 对维持性血液透析患者社会疏离感心理体验、影响因素及干预方案进行范围综述，为后续深入研究和临床实践提供参考。 方法 依据范围综述研究框架，系统检索国内外维持性血液透析患者社会疏离感相关文献，检索时限为建库至2025年9月3日，对最终纳入文献进行汇总分析。 结果 共纳入16篇文献，其中质性研究3篇、横断面研究11篇、干预性研究2篇。体验主要为社交逃避、自我封闭、角色弱化及医疗体系中的孤立感；影响因素涵盖人口学资料、疾病相关资料、心理社会等多维度因素，不同研究结果之间存在异质性；干预方案涉及家庭参与式接受与实现疗法和小组式正念减压干预，两者均可缓解社会疏离并改善心理状态。 结论 维持性血液透析患者社会疏离感的研究仍处于起步阶段，影响因素复杂且机制尚不清晰，干预方案较为单一。未来需开发特异性评估工具，建立早期识别模型，拓展纵向与干预性研究，为维持性血液透析患者重返社会和改善生活质量提供依据。

关键词: 维持性血液透析, 社会疏离感, 护理, 范围综述