Abstract:

Objective To map the device types，content elements，assessment tools，and assessment time points of interactive digital interventions for preoperative anxiety in children undergoing elective surgery，and to provide evidence for alleviating preoperative anxiety and informing nursing care. Methods Guided by the updated JBI methodology for scoping reviews，we systematically searched PubMed，Embase，Web of Science，Scopus，the Cochrane Library，CNKI，WanFang Data，and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from inception to June 18，2025. Randomized controlled trials investigating interactive digital interventions to prevent preoperative anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery were included. Eligible studies were screened and synthesized. Results A total of 18 studies from 11 countries were included，involving children aged 1-13 years. The primary intervention platforms were mobile smart devices，followed by virtual reality devices，handheld gaming consoles，internet-based interactive programs，computer-based interactive programs，and multimedia resources. The intervention content prima-rily encompassed orientation to procedures and scenarios，explanations of equipment and roles，sensory and situational rehearsal，emotion regulation and coping skills training，as well as entertaining games. The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale was the most commonly used assessment tool. Conclusion Interactive digital interventions encompass a wide range of device types and content components and have demonstrated potential in alleviating preoperative anxiety in children. However，there was considerable heterogeneity in the outcome measurement tools and assessment time points across studies. Future research should further adopt age-specific designs for different pediatric age groups，and incorporate more gamification elements to enhance children’s engagement.

Key words: Digital Intervention, Preoperative Anxiety, Perioperative Nursing, Children, Scoping Review

摘要：

目的 梳理交互式数字化干预在择期手术患儿术前焦虑应用中的设备类型、内容要素、评估工具及时点，为制订缓解患儿术前焦虑的护理干预方案提供依据。 方法 以澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所的范围综述方法学指南为指导，系统检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Scopus、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库，检索时限为建库至2025年6月18日，纳入探讨择期手术患儿应用交互式数字化干预预防术前焦虑的随机对照试验。对纳入文献进行筛选和归纳总结。 结果 共纳入18项研究，覆盖11个国家，研究对象年龄为1~13岁。干预载体以移动智能终端为主，其次为虚拟现实设备、手持式电子游戏设备、互联网端交互项目、电脑端交互程序与多媒体方案。干预内容聚焦流程与场景导览、器械与角色解释、感官与情境预演、情绪与应对技能、互动式情境任务及趣味游戏等方面。主要评价工具为改良版耶鲁术前焦虑量表。 结论 交互式数字化干预的设备类型及内容丰富，能够有效改善患儿的术前焦虑，但其结局指标评价工具与评估时点存在较大异质性。未来研究应进一步细化干预内容，针对不同年龄段患儿进行分龄设计，并融入更多游戏化元素以提升儿童参与度。

关键词: 数字化干预, 术前焦虑, 围手术期护理, 儿童, 范围综述