Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current nursing practice of nurses specializing in nutritional support in ICUs and analyze their influencing factors in order to improve the training program and promote the development of standardized and precise nursing practice. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select nutritional support nurses in ICUs in 29 provinces（autonomous regions and municipalities） from October 2023 to March 2025，and the self-developed questionnaire on nursing practice behaviors of nutritional support nurses in ICUs was used to conduct the survey. SPSS 21.0 software was used for descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Results A total of 774 questionnaires were distributed，and 766 valid questionnaires were collected，with a recovery rate of 98.97%，and the score of the questionnaire on nursing practice behaviors of nurses specializing in nutritional support in ICU was （90.41±11.82）. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender，presence of a nutritional support nursing team in the hospital，a standardized process of nutritional support nursing in the department，clear positional responsibilities of the nutritional support nursing team members，and inclusion of the nutritional support status of the patients in the quality management of the department were the factors influencing the nursing practice behavior scores of the nurses specializing in nutritional support in ICUs（P<0.05）. Conclusion Nurses in the ICUs have a high level of nursing practice behavior，but there is a need for further standardization in parenteral nutrition infusion and monitoring of complications. ICU nursing managers should formulate improvement strategies to address the weaknesses of clinical practice，strengthen nutritional support training，and improve the quality management program，and further improve the practical ability of nurses specializing in nutritional support.

Key words: Intensive Care Unit, Nutritional Support, Specialist Nurses, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Administration Research

摘要：

目的 调查ICU中营养支持专科护士的护理实践现状，并分析其影响因素，以便改进培训方案，推动护理实践行为向规范化、精准化方向发展。 方法 采用便利抽样法，于2023年10月—2025年3月选取29个省（区、市）医疗机构ICU中的营养支持专科护士作为调查对象，采用自行编制的ICU中营养支持专科护士护理实践行为调查问卷进行调查，应用SPSS 21.0软件进行描述性分析与多元线性回归分析。 结果 共发放问卷774份，回收有效问卷766份，有效问卷回收率为98.97%。ICU中营养支持护士护理实践行为调查问卷得分为（90.41±11.82）分。多元线性回归分析结果显示，性别、医院有无营养支持护理小组、科室有无营养支持护理的规范化流程、科室是否明确营养支持护理小组成员的岗位职责、是否将患者的营养支持状况纳入科室质量管理内容是ICU中营养支持专科护士护理实践行为得分的影响因素（P<0.05）。 结论 ICU中营养支持专科护士的护理实践行为处于较高水平，但在肠外营养输注、并发症监测方面有待进一步规范。ICU护理管理者应针对临床实践的薄弱环节制订改进策略，强化营养支持培训、完善质量管理方案，进一步提高营养支持专科护士的实践能力。

关键词: 重症监护病房, 营养支持, 专科护士, 影响因素分析, 护理管理研究