Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of cardiovascular nurses in intake and output recording of heart failure patients，and to provide a basis for further standardizing these practices. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to survey 7，761 cardiovascular nurses from 31 provinces in China in May 2024 using a self-designed questionnaire. The survey content included the content and methods of recording fluid intake and output，methods of liquid measurement，health education for patients and caregivers，and verification of the accuracy of fluid intake and output records. The chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. Results A total of 7，726 valid questionnaires were collected，with an effective response rate of 99.55%. Solid food（85.00%） and insensible water loss such as sweat（59.63%） were the lowest proportion items in the recording of intake and output，respectively. A total of 6，343 nurses （82.10%） reported that their wards had standardized “intake and output record forms”. A total of 3，782 nurses（48.95%） were able to use graduated measuring cups to quantify water intake，and 3，587 nurses（46.43%） could use a “food water content table” to convert the water content of solid foods. Additionally，5，050 nurses（65.36%） involved patients and caregivers in the recording of intake and output，and 5，419 nurses（70.14%） provided health education on intake and output recording to patients and caregivers. Furthermore，4，753 nurses （61.52%） verified the accuracy of the 24-hour intake and output records after completion. Nurses whose wards regularly provided training on intake and output recording，as well as those whose wards included the accuracy of intake and output recording in quality control，demonstrated better practice outcomes in this regard（P<0.001）. Conclusion The current clinical nursing practice of cardiovascular nurses in recording the intake and output of heart failure patients needs improvement. Relevant academic organizations should further refine the standards related to intake and output recording. Medical institutions should focus on strengthening training and quality control，optimizing clinical operation procedures，and providing material，institutional，and human resource support to improve the accuracy of fluid intake and output recording for heart failure patients and ensure patient safety.

Key words: Heart Failure, Intake and Output Recording, Clinical Nursing Practice, Cross-Sectional Study, Nurses

摘要：

目的 通过调查了解心血管科护士对心力衰竭患者出入量记录的实践现况，为进一步规范心力衰竭患者出入量的记录提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法，于2024年5月采用自行设计的问卷对31个省（区、市）的7 761名心血管科护士进行调查。调查内容包括出入量记录的内容和方法、液体测量的方法、患者及照顾者的健康教育和出入量记录准确性的验证等，并分析相关影响因素。结果 回收有效问卷7 726份，有效问卷回收率为99.55%。固体食物（85.00%）和汗液等不显性失水（59.63%）分别是入量和出量记录中占比最低的内容；6 343名（82.10%）护士表示所在病区有标准化“出入量记录表单”。3 782名（48.95%）护士使用带刻度的量杯进行饮水量的测量；3 587名（46.43%）护士使用“食物含水量表”进行固体食物含水量的换算。5 050名（65.36%）护士邀请患者及照顾者参与出入量的记录；5 419名（70.14%）护士对患者及照顾者进行出入量记录的健康宣教。4 753名（61.52%）护士在完成24 h出入量记录后进行准确性的验证。所在病区定期提供出入量记录培训和所在病区将出入量记录准确性纳入质量控制的护士，出入量记录实践表现更优（P<0.001）。结论 心血管科护士对心力衰竭患者出入量记录的情况有待提高。相关学术组织应进一步完善出入量记录的标准。医疗机构应从强化培训和质量控制，优化临床操作流程，提供物资、制度和人力资源的保障等方面入手，提高心力衰竭患者出入量记录的准确性，保障患者安全。

关键词: 心力衰竭, 出入量记录, 临床护理实践, 现况调查, 护士