Abstract:

Objective To analyze the latent profiles of active aging among community older adults and its influencing factors，and explore relationship of different categories and nursing care needs. Methods Multistage stratified random sampling was used to select 341 community older people in Qingdao from June 2023 to August 2023 as the survey population. The study instruments included the General Information Questionnaire，the Active Ageing Scale，the Care Needs of the Elderly Scale. Latent profile analysis was used to explore the latent profiles of active aging on the community older adults. The influencing factors of latent profiles were identified by multivariate Logistic regression. Results The active aging of the community older people was identified as a model with 3 latent categories，defined as low active aging type（38.1%），medium active aging-high spiritual intelligence type type（51.6%），and high active aging-comprehensive type（10.3%）. The influencing factors include age，education，monthly income level，nursing needs（all P<0.05）. Community older adults with low self-development and contribution needs are more likely to be low active aging type. Community older adults with high needs for life care and living environment（OR=3.268，P=0.011），physical and psychological support（OR=1.972，P=0.025），and interpersonal communication and health knowledge（OR=3.433，P<0.001） were more likely to be medium active aging-high spiritual intelligence type. Those with low protection and security needs（OR=0.446，P=0.012） were more likely to be medium active aging-high spiritual intelligence type type. Community older adults with low health monitoring needs（OR=0.297，P=0.029） and high specialty care needs （OR=3.019，P=0.033） were more likely to be high active aging-comprehensive type. Conclusion The level of active aging of older adults in the community is medium，which is characterized by 3 categories. Community nursing staffs should focus on the elderly with low active aging type and medium active aging-high spiritual intelligence type，and targeted intervention should be adopted according to different category characteristics，so as to accurately meet their nursing needs，finally improve the level of active aging of community older adults.

Key words: Aged, Community Care, Active Aging, Nursing Needs, Latent Profile Analysis, Questionaire

摘要：

目的 分析社区老年人积极老龄化水平的潜在类别及影响因素，探究不同类别与护理需求的关系。 方法 采用分阶段多层抽样法，于2023年6月—8月选取青岛市341名社区老年人为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、积极老龄化量表、老年人护理需求调查表进行调查。对社区老年人积极老龄化进行潜在剖面分析，采用无序多分类Logistic回归分析不同类别的影响因素。 结果 社区老年人积极老龄化被识别为3个类别，包括低积极老龄化型（38.1%）、中积极老龄化-高心灵智慧型（51.6%）、高积极老龄化-综合型（10.3%）。Logistic回归结果显示，年龄、学历、月收入、护理需求是社区老年人积极老龄化的影响因素（均P<0.05），其中自我发展与贡献需求低的社区老年人更倾向于“低积极老龄化型”；生活照料与居住环境需求高（OR=3.268，P=0.011）、精神与心理支持需求高（OR=1.972，P=0.025）、人际沟通与健康知识需求高（OR=3.433，P<0.001）、保护与安全需求低（OR=0.446，P=0.012）的社区老年人更倾向于“中积极老龄化-高心灵智慧型”；健康监测需求低（OR=0.297，P=0.029）、专科护理需求高（OR=3.019，P=0.033）的社区老年人更倾向于“高积极老龄化-综合型”。 结论 社区老年人积极老龄化处于中等水平，以3种类型分布。社区护理人员应重点关注“低积极老龄化型”与“中积极老龄化-高心灵智慧型”老年人，根据不同类别特征采取针对性干预，精准满足其护理需求，提高社区老年人积极老龄化水平。

关键词: 老年人, 社区护理, 积极老龄化, 护理需求, 潜在剖面分析, 问卷调查