Abstract:

Objective To collect and summarize the best evidence of bathing for premature infants. Methods We systematically searched the British Medical Journal best practice,UpToDate,the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality（AHRQ）,Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario（RNAO）,National Institute for Health and Care Excellence（NICE）,Canadian Medical Association（CMA）,Guidelines International Network（GIN）,WHO,American College of Physicians（ACP）,Joanna Briggs Institute（JBI）,Association of Women’s Health,Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses （AWHONN）,Cochrane Library,PubMed,CNKI and Wanfang database to collect the literature including best practice,evidence summaries,guidelines,systematic reviews,expert consensuses,etc. The retrieval period was from January,2011 to April,2021. 2 researchers independently evaluated the quality of the literature,combining with the judgment of professionals,to extract the data from the literature meeting the standards. Results A total of 5 articles were incorporated,including 3 guidelines,1 expert consensus,and 1 evidence summary. The best evidence included 27 pieces of evidence in 6 aspects,including bathing assessment,bathing supplies,bathing timing,bath management,rewarming after bath and vernix protection. Conclusion The research summarized the best evidence of bathing for premature infants. The best evidence should be selected based on the environment,conditions and patient’s willingness,in order to reduce complications and adverse events and to ensure bath safety.

Key words: Premature Infants, Bath, Skin Care, Evidence-Based Practice

摘要：

目的 收集并整合国内外与早产儿沐浴相关的证据,为临床实践提供参考。 方法 系统检索英国医学杂志最佳临床实践网站、UpToDate、美国医疗保健研究与质量局网站、加拿大安大略注册护士协会网站、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所网站、加拿大医学会临床实践指南网站、国际指南网、WHO指南网、美国医师协会网站、澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI）网站、产科和新生儿护士协会网站、Cochrane Library、PubMed、中国知网、万方数据服务平台、维普中文期刊服务平台等网站和数据库,纳入与早产儿沐浴相关的证据,包括临床决策、证据总结、指南、系统评价和专家共识。检索时限为2011年1月—2021年4月。由2名研究者对纳入文献的质量进行独立评价,结合专业人员的判定,从符合标准的文献中提取证据。 结果 共纳入5篇文献,其中指南3篇、证据总结1篇、专家共识1篇。从沐浴前的评估、沐浴用品的选择、沐浴的时机、沐浴中的管理、沐浴后复温、胎脂的处理6个方面共总结27条最佳证据。 结论 该研究总结了早产儿沐浴的最佳证据,建议护理人员在评估临床情景及患儿家长意愿后选择性应用证据,以减少相关并发症或不良事件的发生,保障沐浴安全。

关键词: 早产儿, 沐浴, 皮肤保护, 循证护理学