河南省348所医疗机构口腔器械清洗消毒灭菌管理现状及护理对策

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.05.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查河南省医疗机构口腔器械清洗消毒灭菌管理现状，分析医院感染防控的潜在问题并提出针对性护理对策。方法采用方便抽样法，于2024年2月—4月对河南省352所医疗机构口腔器械清洗消毒灭菌管理现状进行调查。采用自制问卷，内容包括口腔器械处理模式及人员设置、清洗消毒灭菌人员培训、清洗消毒设备设施配置及维护、小型压力蒸汽灭菌器的使用和管理、口腔器械再处理情况等。结果共发放问卷352份，回收有效问卷348份。其中，34所一级医疗机构中，仅10所（29.41%）口腔器械处理模式为消毒供应中心集中清洗消毒灭菌；13所（38.24%）设有口腔器械专职清洗消毒灭菌人员；25所（73.53%）配备压力水枪，不同等级医疗机构间比较，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。348所医疗机构中，194所（55.75%）组织护士开展岗前培训；143所（41.09%）每年对清洗消毒设备进行1次维护保养；52所（14.94%）未对使用后的口腔器械做预处理。在104所配备小型压力蒸汽灭菌器的医疗机构中，21所（20.19%）使用N型小型压力蒸汽灭菌器。结论河南省一级医疗机构口腔器械集中管理率和基础设备配置率较低，各级医疗机构存在人员培训不到位、设备设施维护保养不重视、小型压力蒸汽灭菌器使用管理不规范、再处理流程不完善等情况。建议护理管理者加强消毒供应中心护士培训，规范口腔器械清洗消毒灭菌工作流程，从而预防与控制医院感染。

关键词: 医疗机构, 口腔器械, 清洗消毒灭菌, 医院感染, 现状调查, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of cleaning，disinfection，and sterilization management of dental instruments in medical institutions in Henan Province，analyze potential issues in hospital infection control，and propose targeted nursing strategies. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to survey the cleaning，disinfection，and sterilization management of dental instruments in 352 medical institutions in Henan Province from February to April 2024. A self-made questionnaire was designed，covering aspects such as the handling model and personnel configuration for dental instruments，training for cleaning，disinfection，and sterilization personnel，configuration and maintenance of cleaning and disinfection equipment，use and management of small pressure steam sterilizers，and reprocessing status of dental instruments. Results A total of 352 questionnaires were distributed，with 348 valid responses. Among the 34 primary medical institutions，only 10（29.41%） had a centralized cleaning，disinfection，and sterilization model for dental instruments；13（38.24%） had dedicated personnel for cleaning，disinfection，and sterilization of dental instruments；25（73.53%） were equipped with pressure water guns. Compari-sons among medical institutions of different levels showed statistically significant differences（P<0.001）. In the 348 medical institutions，194（55.75%） arranged pre-job training for nursing personnel；143（41.09%） performed mainte-nance on cleaning and disinfection equipment once a year；52（14.94%） did not perform pre-treatment on contaminated dental instruments after use. Among the 104 institutions using small pressure steam sterilizers，21（20.19%） used Type N small pressure steam sterilizers. Conclusion The centralized management rate of dental instruments and the basic equipment configuration rate in primary medical institutions in Henan Province are relatively low. There are issues such as insufficient personnel training，neglect of equipment maintenance，improper management of small pressure steam sterilizer usage，and incomplete reprocessing procedures in medical institutions at all levels. It is recommended that nursing managers further strengthen the training of nurses in the disinfection supply center，standardize the cleaning，disinfection，and sterilization workflow for dental instruments，in order to prevent and control hospital infections.

Key words: Medical Institutions, Oral Instruments, Cleaning, Disinfection, Sterilization, Hospital Infections, Current Status Investigation, Nursing Administration Research

崔钰震, 姚卓娅, 耿军辉, 李漫春, 詹朦, 丁丽娜, 蒋恩社. 河南省348所医疗机构口腔器械清洗消毒灭菌管理现状及护理对策[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(5): 596-602.

CUI Yuzhen, YAO Zhuoya, GENG Junhui, LI Manchun, ZHAN Meng, DING Lina, JIANG Enshe. Investigation and nursing countermeasures on the current situation of oral instrument cleaning，disinfection，and sterilization management in 348 medical institutions in Henan Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(5): 596-602.

图/表 4

表1 口腔器械清洗消毒灭菌人员培训情况[所（百分比，%）]

Table 1 Training status of personnel for oral instrument cleaning，disinfection，and sterilization[cases（percentage，%）]

表2 口腔器械清洗消毒设备设施配置及维护情况[所（百分比，%）]

Table 2 Configuration and maintenance of facilities for oral instrument cleaning and disinfection [cases（percentage，%）]

表3 小型压力蒸汽灭菌器的使用和管理情况[所（百分比，%）]

Table 3 Use and management status of small pressure steam sterilizers[cases（percentage，%）]

表4 口腔器械再处理情况[所（百分比，%）]

Table 4 Reprocessing of oral instruments[cases（percentage，%）]

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