关键词: 护理人力资源配置, 护患比, 床护比, 护理人员结构, 范围综述, 护理管理研究

Abstract:

Objective We review the scope of relevant nurse staffing policies at home and abroad，compare and analyze their characteristics，in order to provide references for the nurse staffing in China. Methods We systematically searched pubmed，web of science，CNKI，Wanfang and relevant websites of government，policy and international organization. The retrieval time is from the establishment of the databases to September 30，2021. Results 15 policy papers from 8 countries/regions were eventually included. In terms of configuration reference indexes，China and Northern Ireland adopted the bed-to-nurse ratio，while other countries/regions adopted the nurse-to-patient ratio. The nursing staff skill mix mainly includes registered nurses and non-registered nurses，and the proportion of nursing staff is various in different countries. 3 countries/regions have stipulated the allocation of nurse staffing in the emergency department. The nursing staffing allocation of the emergency department in China is based on the general standard of bed-to-nurse ratio;referring to the nurse-to-patient ratio，California in the US and Victoria in Australia further refine the nursing staffing allocation of emergency departments based on the work area or shifts. 5 countries/regions stipulate the allocation of the nurse staffing in the intensive care unit （ICU）. The reference basis of the allocation is different，and the ratio of nurse to patient in departments of critical care medicine is the highest in China. Conclusion It is necessary to further improve our nursing staffing policy，give full play to the application value of the nursing staff skill mix，continue to improve the allocation plan of emergency and critical care departments，and promote the implementation of the nurse staffing policy.

Key words: Nurse Staffing, Nurse-To-Patient Ratio, Bed-To-Patient Ratio, Nursing Skill-Mix, Scoping Review, Nursing Administration Research