四川省三级综合医院护士职业定向的现状调查

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2019.12.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查分析四川省三级综合医院护士职业锚现状,以期为护士职业生涯规划提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机抽样法抽取四川省11所三级综合医院的1 408名护士作为调查对象,使用职业锚量表对其进行问卷调查。结果四川省三级综合医院护士得分排在前2位的职业锚类型是生活方式型及安全/稳定型;后2位是综合管理型及创业创造型。男护士的综合管理型及纯挑战型职业锚得分均高于女护士,而安全/稳定型及生活方式型职业锚得分均低于女护士（P<0.05）。随着年龄及工作年限的增长,护士的技术/职能型及综合管理型职业锚得分逐渐升高,而自主/独立型及创业创造型职业锚得分逐渐降低（P<0.05）;随着职称水平的提高,护士的技术/职能型及综合管理型职业锚得分逐渐升高,而自主/独立型、创业创造型及生活方式型职业锚得分逐渐降低（P<0.05）。结论四川省三级综合医院护士职业锚以安全/稳定型、生活方式型为主,不同人口学资料对护士职业锚有不同影响,提示护理管理者应根据护士职业锚特点科学有效地进行护士职业定位,提高护理人力资源管理的效率。

关键词: 护士, 职业锚, 问卷调查, 横断面研究, 影响因素分析, 护理管理研究, 卫生人力

Abstract:

Objective To investigate and analyze the status quo of nurses’ career anchors in tertiary general hospitals in Sichuan Province,so as to provide references for nurses’ career planning. Methods We used the stratified random sampling method to survey 1 408 nurses from 11 tertiary general hospitals in Sichuan Province using Schein’s Career Anchors Self-Assessment. Results The top two type career anchors of nurses were Lifestyle and Security/Stability,while the last two types were General Managerial Competence and Entrepreneurial Creativity. Scores of the General Managerial Competence and Pure Challenge in male nurses were higher than those in female nurses,while the Security/Stability and Lifestyle scores were lower than female nurses（P<0.05）. As the growth of the age and working years,the scores of the nurses’ Technical/Functional and General Managerial Competence career anchors increased,while the scores of Autonomy/Independence and Entrepreneurial Creativity gradually reduced （P<0.05）. As the raising of the title levels,the scores of nurses’ Technical/Functional and General Managerial Competence career anchors increased,while the scores of Autonomy/Independence,Entrepreneurial Creativity and Lifestyle gradually reduced（P<0.05）. Conclusion The nurses’ career anchors in tertiary general hospitals were mainly Security/Stability and Lifestyle,and different demographic data had different effects on nurses’ career anchors. Therefore,nursing managers should consider the characteristics of nurses’ career anchor,and implement scientific and effective career orientation,so as to improve the efficiency of nursing human resource management.

Key words: Nurses, Career Anchor, Questionnaires, Cross-Sectional Studies, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Administration Research, Health Manpower

石永乐, 刘帆, 赵晓曦, 张玲, 李继平. 四川省三级综合医院护士职业定向的现状调查[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2019, 54(12): 1841-1846.

SHI Yongle, LIU Fan, ZHAO Xiaoxi, ZHANG Ling, LI Jiping. The current status of nurses’ career anchors in tertiary general hospitals in Sichuan Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2019, 54(12): 1841-1846.

图/表 4

表1 调查对象的一般资料(n=1 408)

表2 调查对象职业锚类型的分布情况(n=1 408)

表3 调查对象各职业锚类型得分(n=1 408)

表4 调查对象人口学特征对职业锚类型的影响(n=1 408)

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