体外受精-胚胎移植患者取卵术后疼痛水平的影响因素及路径分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植（in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer，IVF-ET）患者取卵术后疼痛水平的影响因素，并分析影响因素间的作用路径，为制订针对性的镇痛策略和护理干预方案提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，选取2025年1月11日—3月17日于北京市某三级甲等医院妇产科生殖中心行IVF-ET取卵术的752例患者作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、疼痛灾难化量表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、简化McGill疼痛问卷对患者进行调查，采用单因素分析、Spearman相关性分析、多元线性回归分析、中介效应分析探讨IVF-ET患者取卵术后疼痛水平的影响因素。结果回收有效问卷546份。IVF-ET患者取卵术后疼痛得分为3（1，7）分。多元线性回归分析结果显示，术前疼痛灾难化、睡眠质量、患者情绪及获卵数量是IVF-ET患者取卵术后疼痛的影响因素（P<0.05）。路径分析结果显示，术前疼痛灾难化对术后疼痛起中介作用，总效应值为0.182，直接效应值为0.146，占总效应值的80.2%。结论 IVF-ET患者取卵术后疼痛受多种因素的影响，临床医护人员术前应精准评估患者情绪状态和睡眠质量，并实施个性化干预措施，以减轻患者术后疼痛、提升术后舒适度。

关键词: 体外受精-胚胎移植, 疼痛灾难化, 焦虑, 抑郁, 睡眠质量, 术后疼痛, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the factors influencing postoperative pain levels in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer（IVF-ET） and analyze the interaction pathways among these factors，providing a basis for developing targeted pain management strategies and nursing intervention plans. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 752 patients who underwent IVF-ET egg retrieval surgery at the Reproductive Center of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of a tertiary-level hospital in Beijing from January 11 to March 17，2025，as the study subjects. The following questionnaires were administered，including a general information questionnaire，the Pain Catastrophizing Scale，the Self-Rating Anxiety and Depression Scale，Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，and the Brief McGill Pain Questionnaire. We used univariate analysis，Spearman correlation analysis，multiple linear regression analysis，and chain mediation analysis within the mediation effect model to explore the factors influencing postoperative pain levels in IVF-ET patients. Results A total of 546 valid questionnaires were collected. The pain score for IVF-ET patients after egg retrieval was 3（1，7） points. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated that pain catastrophizing，patient mood，sleep quality，and the number of eggs retrieved were significant factors influencing postoperative pain in IVF-ET patients（P<0.05）. Path analysis results indicated that pain catastrophizing mediated the postoperative pain，with a total effect value of 0.182 and a direct effect value of 0.146，accounting for 80.2% of the total effect value. Conclusion The pain experienced by IVF-ET patients after oocyte retrieval is influenced by a variety of factors. Clinical medical staff should accurately assess the emotional state and sleep quality of patients before the procedure and implement personalized interventions to reduce postoperative pain and improve postoperative comfort.

Key words: In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer, Pain Catastrophizing, Anxiety, Depression, Sleep Quality, Postoperative Pain, Nursing Care

黄慧红, 刘金莲, 王子睿, 李金璐, 史莉, 杨蕊. 体外受精-胚胎移植患者取卵术后疼痛水平的影响因素及路径分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(3): 310-317.

HUANG Huihong, LIU Jinlian, WANG Zirui, LI Jinlu, SHI Li, YANG Rui. Analysis of the influencing factors and pathways of pain levels in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer after oocyte retrieval surgery[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(3): 310-317.

图/表 4

表1 调查对象的一般资料及取卵术后疼痛水平影响因素的单因素分析(n=546)

Table 1 General information of the survey participants and univariateanalysis of factors influencing pain levels after oocyte retrieval(n=546)

表2 体外受精-胚胎移植患者取卵术前疼痛灾难化、焦虑、抑郁、睡眠质量与术后疼痛的相关分析（n=546）

Table 2 Correlation analysis of pain catastrophizing, anxiety and depression, sleep quality before oocyte retrieval and postoperative pain in patients undergoing IVF-ET（n=546）

表3 体外受精-胚胎移植患者取卵术后疼痛水平影响因素的多元线性回归分析（n=546）

Table 3 Multivariate regression analysis of factors influencing pain levels after oocyte retrieval in patients undergoing IVF-ET（n=546）

图1 体外受精-胚胎移植患者取卵术前疼痛灾难化、患者情绪、睡眠质量及术后疼痛的中介效应模型

Figure 1 Mediation effect model of pain catastrophizing，emotion and sleep quality before oocyte retrieval and postoperative pain in patients undergoing in IVF-ET

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