关键词: 肝豆状核变性, 低铜饮食, 依从性, 知信行理论, 质性研究, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the thoughts and needs of low-copper diet adherence among patients with Wilson’s disease based on the Knowledge-Attitudes-Practice theory，so as to provide a reference for developing targeted interventions. Methods A phenomenological qualitative research approach was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 Wilson’s disease patients from the Department of Neurology of a tertiary hospital in Anhui Province between June and September 2025. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method. Results A total of 3 themes and 9 sub-themes were identified. The knowledge dimension included awareness of disease and diet（insufficient awareness of disease and treatment necessity，limited sources and judgment of low copper diet knowledge）. The attitudes dimension reflected dynamic interrelations among attitude，motivation，and emotion（diverse coexisting attitudes，multiple motivations for dietary management，poor emotional experience and psychological adjustment，low self-efficacy and confidence）. The behavior dimension encompassed practices and challenges in dietary management（weak personal adherence to dietary practices，family support and lifestyle adjust-ments，structural contradictions in the practice of low-copper diet adherence）. Conclusion Adherence to a low-copper diet in patients with Wilson’s disease is jointly influenced by insufficient systematic knowledge，fluctuating beliefs，and difficulties in behavioral execution. A tri-dimensional intervention model of cognitive education，belief reinforcement，and behavioral support is suggested to formulate. Systematic dietary education and enhanced family and social support should be implemented to improve patients’ long-term adherence to a low-copper diet.

Key words: Wilson’s Disease, Low Copper Diet, Adherence, Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Theory, Qualita-tive Research, Nursing Care