关键词: 食管肿瘤, 饮食行为, 营养状况, 影响因素, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To assess the nutritional status of patients with oral intake following esophagectomy and to explore the influencing factors based on the health ecological model，so as to provide evidence for developing intervention strategies. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to recruit patients who had undergone radical esophagectomy and attended outpatient follow-up visits at a tertiary cancer hospital in Shanghai from December 2024 to September 2025. A total of 186 patients were enrolled. Nutritional status was assessed using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment（PG-SGA），and factors influencing nutritional status were analyzed. Results A total of 181 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the participants，30 patients（16.57%） were classified as well nourished or suspected of malnutrition；53 patients（29.28%） had moderate malnutrition；98 patients（54.14%） had severe malnutrition. Multivariate analysis showed that age，postoperative time，type of dietary，eating frequency，caloric intake，physical activity level，and mental health status were significant factors influencing nutritional status in patients with oral intake following esophagectomy（P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of moderate to severe malnutrition is high among patients with oral intake following esophagectomy，showing a phased distribution pattern. Age≥65 years，shorter postoperative duration，semi-liquid diet，low eating frequency，inadequate caloric intake，low physical activity，and the poorer mental health status are independent risk factors for malnutrition. Early identification of these risk factors and implementation of targeted nursing interventions are essential to reduce the risk of postoperative malnutrition.

Key words: Esophageal Neoplasms, Eating Behaviors, Nutritional Status, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care