术前量化加压束臂运动对血液透析患者自体动静脉内瘘成熟的影响研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.014

中华护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (1): 99-105.DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.014

术前量化加压束臂运动对血液透析患者自体动静脉内瘘成熟的影响研究

王红艳¹(), 刘静²^,^*(), 汪红英², 夏宁宁², 肖磊娟¹, 苑影影³

1.南京医科大学附属明基医院肾脏内科南京市 210019
2.南京医科大学附属明基医院护理部南京市 210019
3.南京医科大学附属明基医院血液净化中心南京市 210019

收稿日期:2025-06-26 出版日期:2026-01-10 发布日期:2026-01-04
*通讯作者: 刘静，E-mail：liujing66382@126.com
作者简介:王红艳：女，本科，副主任护师，护士长，E-mail：542326794@qq.com
基金资助:
南京医科大学科技发展基金项目(NMUB20220145)

Effect of preoperative quantitative compression arm exercises on autogenous arteriovenous fistula maturation in hemodialysis patients

WANG Hongyan¹(), LIU Jing²^,^*(), WANG Hongying², XIA Ningning², XIAO Leijuan¹, YUAN Yingying³

1. Department of Nephrology，Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University，Nanjing 210019，China
2. Depart-ment of Nursing，Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University，Nanjing 210019，China
3. Blood Purification Center，Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University，Nanjing 210019，China

Received:2025-06-26 Online:2026-01-10 Published:2026-01-04
* Corresponding author: LIU Jing，E-mail：liujing66382@126.com
Funding program:
Nanjing Medical University Science and Technology Development Fund Project(NMUB20220145)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的评估术前量化加压束臂运动对围透析期患者自体动静脉内瘘（internal arteriovenous fistula，AVF）成熟的影响，为临床护理实践提供参考。方法采用单中心、开放、随机对照研究设计，选取2022年1月—2023年12月南京市某三级甲等医院血液净化中心首次拟行AVF成型术的60例患者作为研究对象，按计算机产生的随机序列号分为试验组30例和对照组30例。试验组术前2周给予量化加压束臂运动，压力为10 mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa），每次15~20 min，每天5次，持续2周。对照组术前2周开始给予非量化束臂运动，频次、持续时间同试验组。比较两组术前第1天，术后2、4、6、8周头静脉血管内径以及血流量，并且于第8周评估内瘘成熟率。同时观察血栓形成以及血管狭窄等并发症。结果试验组最终纳入29例，对照组最终纳入26例。试验组AVF成熟率高于对照组（P<0.05），且术后第8周成熟时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。内瘘头静脉血管内径以及内瘘血流量不同组间、时间点和交互作用均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论术前量化加压束臂运动能够保障血液透析患者AVF安全的同时改善血管条件，扩大血管内径，促进AVF成熟，减少血栓、血管狭窄等并发症。

关键词: 动静脉内瘘, 维持性血液透析, 束臂运动, 成熟度, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of preoperative quantitative compression arm exercises on the maturation of autogenous arteriovenous fistula（AVF） in peri-dialysis patients，and to provide a reference for clinical nursing practice. Methods A single-center，open-label，randomized controlled trial was conducted. Totally 60 patients scheduled for their first AVF creation surgery at the hemodialysis center of a tertiary A hospital in Nanjing from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected as study subjects. They were randomly assigned to either an experimental group（n=30） or a control group（n=30） using a random number table. The experimental group performed preoperative quantitative compression arm exercises for 2 weeks，using a pressure of 10 mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa），for 15~20 minutes each time，5 times daily. The control group performed non-quantitative arm exercises with the same frequency and duration starting 2 weeks before surgery. The cephalic vein diameter and blood flow volume were compared between the 2 groups on the first day before surgery and at 2，4，6，and 8 weeks after surgery. The maturation rate was assessed at the 8th week. Complications such as thrombosis and vascular stenosis were also observed. Results The experimental group and the control group ultimately included 29 and 26 cases，respectively. The AVF maturation rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group（P<0.05），and the time to maturation at the 8th postoperative week was shorter in the experimental group（P<0.05）. The differences in cephalic vein diameter and fistula blood flow volume between groups，across different time points，and their interaction were all statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion Preoperative quantitative compression arm exercises can improve vascular conditions，enlarge vessel diameter，facilitate AVF maturation，and reduce complications such as thrombosis and vascular stenosis，while ensuring fistula safety.

Key words: Arteriovenous Fistula, Maintenance Haemodialysis, Arm Exercises, Maturation, Nursing Care

王红艳, 刘静, 汪红英, 夏宁宁, 肖磊娟, 苑影影. 术前量化加压束臂运动对血液透析患者自体动静脉内瘘成熟的影响研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(1): 99-105.

WANG Hongyan, LIU Jing, WANG Hongying, XIA Ningning, XIAO Leijuan, YUAN Yingying. Effect of preoperative quantitative compression arm exercises on autogenous arteriovenous fistula maturation in hemodialysis patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(1): 99-105.

图/表 4

表1 两组一般资料的比较

Table 1 Comparison of general data between the 2 groups of patients

表2 两组患者术后8周自体动静脉内瘘成熟率和成熟时间的比较

Table 2 Comparison of AVF maturity rates and maturity times between the 2 groups of patients at 8 weeks postoperatively

表3 两组自体动静脉内瘘头静脉血管内径的比较（mm，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

Table 3 Comparison of the intraluminal diameter of the internal jugular vein between the 2 groups of patients （mm，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

表4 两组自体动静脉内瘘血流量的比较（mL/min，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

Table 4 Comparison of fistula blood flow between the 2 groups of patients（mL/min，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

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术前量化加压束臂运动对血液透析患者自体动静脉内瘘成熟的影响研究

Effect of preoperative quantitative compression arm exercises on autogenous arteriovenous fistula maturation in hemodialysis patients

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