增强现实体感运动在结核性脓胸清除术患者早期活动中的应用研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨基于信息-知识-信念-行为（information-knowledge-attitude-practice，IKAP）模型的增强现实体感运动在结核性脓胸清除术患者早期活动中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法，于2023年11月至2024年11月选取杭州市某三级甲等医院结核外科新入院的结核性脓胸患者62例为研究对象，随机分为试验组（31例）和对照组（31例）。试验组采用基于IKAP模型的增强现实体感运动方案，对照组采用常规护理进行干预。比较两组干预前和术后第2~3天运动情况相关指标、日常生活能力以及术后首次下床时间、术后胸腔引流管留置时间、术后住院时间的差异。结果试验组和对照组各脱落1例（术后不配合干预），最终，两组各30例完成研究。术后第2~3天，试验组运动恐惧评分低于对照组（Wald χ²=161.067、77.949，P<0.001）；运动耐力评分高于对照组（Wald χ²=7.206、5.045，P<0.05）；运动依从性评分高于对照组（Wald χ²=11.395、18.580，P<0.05）；日常生活能力评分高于对照组（Wald χ²=26.568、67.714，P<0.001）。试验组术后首次下床时间、术后胸腔引流管留置时间、术后住院时间均短于对照组（t=4.930、Z=-2.261、Z=-2.137，P<0.05）。结论实施基于IKAP模型的增强现实体感运动方案可改善结核性脓胸清除术患者术后运动情况，提高其日常生活能力，缩短术后首次下床时间、术后胸腔引流管留置时间和术后住院时间。

关键词: 脓胸，结核性, 增强现实, 运动训练, 护理

Abstract:

Objective Based on the theory of information-knowledge-attitude-practice，the application effect of Augmented Reality（AR） somatosensory exercise in the early activities of patients with tuberculous empyema was discussed. Methods From November 2023 to November 2024，62 patients with tuberculous empyema who were newly admitted to the Department of Tuberculosis Surgery of a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou were enrolled by convenience sampling. They were divided into an experimental group（31 cases） and a control group（31 cases） by random number table method. AR somatosensory exercise training program was used in the experimental group，and routine nursing intervention was used in the control group. The differences of exercise index score，activities of daily living，first ambulation out of bed，chest tube indwelling and hospitalization time before intervention and on the 2nd and 3rd day after operation were compared between the 2 groups. Results A patient in the experimental group and a patient in the control group dropped out due to postoperative non-cooperation intervention. There were 30 patients in each group who completed the study. On the 2nd and 3rd day after operation，the fear of exercise score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group（Wald χ²=161.067，77.949，P<0.001）.The exercise endurance score was higher than that of the control group（Wald χ²=7.206，5.045，P<0.05）. The score of exercise compliance in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group（Wald χ²=11.395，18.580，P<0.05）. The score of activities of daily living in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group（Wald χ²=26.568，67.714，P<0.001）. The first ambulation out of bed，chest tube indwelling and hospitalization time after operation were shorter than those in the control group（t=4.930，Z=-2.261，Z=-2.137，P<0.05）. Conclusion The AR somatosensory exercise program based on IKAP theory can improve the postoperative exercise and the postoperative activities of daily living of patients with tuberculous empyema. The first postoperative ambulation，postoperative chest tube indwelling and postoperative hospital stay can also be shortened.

Key words: Empyema，Tuberculous, Augmented Reality, Exercise Training, Nursing Care

高丹, 姚丽伟, 黄金鹏, 刘晓霞, 张玥, 毛潇潇. 增强现实体感运动在结核性脓胸清除术患者早期活动中的应用研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(1): 70-77.

GAO Dan, YAO Liwei, HUANG Jinpeng, LIU Xiaoxia, ZHANG Yue, MAO Xiaoxiao. Study on the application of augmented reality somatosensory exercise training on early mobilization in patients after debridement and decortication for tuberculous empyema[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(1): 70-77.

图/表 5

表1 基于信息-知识-信念-行为模型的增强现实体感运动训练方案

Table 1 The AR somatosensory exercise training program based on the IKAP

表2 两组一般资料的比较

Table 2 Comparison of general data between the 2 group

表3 两组干预前后运动指标的比较[M（P25，P75）]

Table 3 Comparison of exercise index scores between the 2 groups before and after intervention[M（P25，P75）]

表4 两组干预前后日常生活能力评分比较[分，M（P25，P75）]

Table 4 Comparison of activities of daily living scores between the 2 groups before and after intervention[Score，M（P25，P75）]

表5 两组术后首次下床时间、术后胸腔引流管留置时间、术后住院时间比较

Table 5 Comparison of the first ambulation， chest tube indwelling and hospitalization time between the 2 groups after operation

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