肝硬化患者口渴感现状及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.08.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解肝硬化患者口渴感的发生现状并分析其影响因素，旨在提高医护人员对肝硬化患者口渴症状的关注度，为临床干预提供理论依据。方法采取便利抽样法，选取2024年3月—6月武汉市某三级甲等综合医院感染科住院的220例肝硬化患者作为调查对象，使用一般资料调查表、数字评定量表、口渴困扰量表进行调查，采用单因素分析及多元线性回归分析肝硬化患者口渴感的影响因素。结果回收有效问卷202份，有效问卷回收率为91.82%。肝硬化患者口渴发生率为59.41%，口渴程度得分为3.00（3.00，6.00）分，平均得分为3.09分，其中43.07%肝硬化患者口渴程度处于中重度水平。口渴困扰程度量表得分为6.00（6.00，17.00）分，平均得分为11.62分，处于中等水平，其中47.03%的肝硬化患者提示存在口渴困扰，23.76%的肝硬化患者处于中重度口渴困扰水平。多元线性回归分析结果显示，腹水程度、利尿剂使用情况、疾病分期、口渴困扰程度是肝硬化患者口渴程度的影响因素（P<0.05）；性别、婚姻状况、腹水程度、利尿剂使用情况、疾病分期、口渴程度是肝硬化患者口渴困扰程度的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论肝硬化患者口渴感发生率及严重程度较高，且受多种因素影响，医护人员应提高肝硬化患者口渴症状管理的重视程度，根据口渴感的相关影响因素，制订具有针对性的护理措施或护理方案，提高患者舒适度，改善患者体验。

关键词: 肝硬化, 口渴感, 口渴困扰, 影响因素分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To understand the current situation of thirst in patients with cirrhosis and analyze its influencing factors，in order to improve medical staff’s attention to thirst symptoms in patients with cirrhosis and provide theoretical basis for clinical intervention. Methods A total of 220 patients with cirrhosis who were hospitalized in the infection department of a tertiary A general hospital in Wuhan from March to June 2024 were selected by convenience sampling method. General data questionnaire，Numerical Score Scale and Thirst Distress Scale were used to investigate the factors affecting thirst sensation in patients with cirrhosis. Results A total of 202 valid questionnaires were collected，and the effective questionnaire recovery rate was 91.82%. The results showed that the incidence of thirst in patients with cirrhosis was 59.41%；the score of thirst was 3.00（3.00，6.00）points，and the mean score of thirst was 3.09. Among them，43.07% of the patients with cirrhosis were in the moderate to severe level of thirst. The score of Thirst Distress Scale is 6.00（6.00，17.00） points，and the average score of thirst distress was 11.62 points，which was in the medium level. 47.03% of patients with cirrhosis indicated thirst distress，and 23.76% of patients with cirrhosis which was in the moderate and severe level of distress. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the degree of ascites，the use of diuretics，the stage of disease，and the degree of thirst distress were the factors influencing the degree of thirst in patients with cirrhosis（P<0.05）. Gender，marital status，degree of ascites，use of diuretic drugs，disease stage and degree of thirst were the factors influencing degree of thirst distress in patients with cirrhosis（P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence and severity of thirst in patients with cirrhosis are relatively high，and are affected by many factors. Medical staff should pay more attention to the management of thirst symptoms in patients with cirrhosis，and formulate targeted nursing measures or nursing programs according to the related influencing factors of thirst，so as to improve the comfort level of patients and improve the disease experience of patients.

Key words: Cirrhosis, Thirst, Thirst Distress, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

刘方, 刘云访, 德宗, 皮蓉, 何子涵, 李素云. 肝硬化患者口渴感现状及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(8): 934-939.

LIU Fang, LIU Yunfang, DE Zong, PI Rong, HE Zihan, LI Suyun. Analysis of thirst sensation in patients with cirrhosis and its influencing factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(8): 934-939.

图/表 4

表1 肝硬化患者的一般资料及口渴程度、口渴困扰程度的单因素分析结果（n=202）

Table 1 General information and results of univariate analysis of thirst degree and thirst distress degree in patients with cirrhosis（n=202）

表2 自变量赋值方式

Table 2 Assignment methods of argument variables

表3 调查对象口渴程度影响因素的多元线性回归分析结果（n=202）

Table 3 Results of multiple linear regression analysis of factors affecting thirst degree of respondents（n=202）

表4 调查对象口渴困扰程度影响因素的多元线性回归分析结果（n=202）

Table 4 Results of multiple linear regression analysis of factors affecting the degree of thirst distress of the respondents（n=202）

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