住院老年患者口腔衰弱与肌少症共病现状及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查老年住院患者口腔衰弱和肌少症共病现象的发生率，并探讨其影响因素，为口腔衰弱合并肌少症患者制订针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，选取2024年1月—4月在河南省郑州市3所三级甲等医院和商丘市1所二级甲等医院的515例老年住院患者作为调查对象，采用一般资料问卷、口腔衰弱指数-8、肌少症筛查问卷、微型营养评估简表、社会支持量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表进行调查。采用Logistic回归分析老年住院患者口腔衰弱和肌少症共病的影响因素。结果回收有效问卷508份。老年住院患者中肌少症和口腔衰弱共病的发生率为22.8%，高龄、吞咽困难、合并慢性病数量、高血压病史、脑卒中病史、多重用药、抑郁、营养不良、低水平社会支持是老年住院患者口腔衰弱与肌少症共病的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论老年住院患者口腔衰弱合并肌少症发生率较高，医护人员应根据其影响因素针对性地采取护理措施，以预防和控制口腔衰弱合并肌少症患者病情的发展。

关键词: 口腔衰弱, 肌少症, 共病, 问卷调查, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the prevalence of comorbidity of oral frailty and sarcopenia in elderly inpatients，and to explore their influencing factors，so as to provide a basis for formulating targeted interventions for patients with oral frailty and sarcopenia. Methods A total of 515 elderly patients hospitalized in 3 tertiary hospitals in Zhengzhou City and 1 second-class hospital in Shangqiu City from January 2024 to April 2024 were selected as the research subjects by convenience sampling，and the general information questionnaire，Oral Frailty Index-8，Sarcopenia Screen Questionnaire，Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form，Social Support Rating Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale（HADS） were used for investigation. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of oral frailty and sarcopenia comorbidities in elderly inpatients. Results 508 valid questionnaires were collected. The prevalence of sarcopenia and oral frailty in elderly inpatients was 22.8%，and age，dysphagia，number of chronic diseases，and history of hypertension or stroke，multiple drug use，depression，bad nutrition and low level of social support were the risk factors（P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of oral frailty combined with sarcopenia was higher in elderly hospitalized patients. Nurses should take nursing measures according to its influencing factors to prevent and control the development of oral frailty combined with sarcopenia.

Key words: Oral Frailty, Sarcopenia, Comorbidity, Questionnaire, Nursing Care

郭子鑫, 徐慧萍, 张艳, 刘延锦, 黄倩, 孙义芳, 王鑫. 住院老年患者口腔衰弱与肌少症共病现状及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(3): 281-287.

GUO Zixin, XU Huiping, ZHANG Yan, LIU Yanjin, HUANG Qian, SUN Yifang, WANG Xin. Current situation and influencing factors of comorbidities of oral frailty and sarcopenia in elderly hospitalized patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(3): 281-287.

图/表 4

表1 老年住院患者一般资料及口腔衰弱与肌少症共病的单因素分析

Table 1 Single factor analysis of general data and oral frailty and sarcopenia comorbidities in elderly hospitalized patients

续表1 老年住院患者一般资料及口腔衰弱与肌少症共病的单因素分析

Table 1 (Continued) Single factor analysis of general data and oral frailty and sarcopenia comorbidities in elderly hospitalized patients

表2 自变量赋值方式

Table 2 Independent variable assignment

表3 老年住院患者口腔衰弱和肌少症共病的Logistic回归分析（n=508）

Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of oral frailty and sarcopenia comorbidities in elderly hospitalized patients（n=508）

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