成人肝移植患者术后自我管理问题提示列表的构建及应用研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.14.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建成人肝移植患者术后自我管理问题提示列表并进行初步应用，为促进其参与术后自我管理提供实用工具。方法 2024年8月—9月，通过文献回顾和半结构式访谈构建成人肝移植患者术后自我管理问题提示列表初稿。2024年10月—11月对来自青岛市、济南市、北京市和福州市的16名专家进行2轮专家函询，对问题提示列表进行修订。2025年2月—3月，选取19例肝移植术后患者进行问题提示列表的初步应用。结果 2轮专家函询的积极系数均为100%，专家权威系数均为0.88，肯德尔系数分别为0.336和0.344（P<0.001），最终的问题提示列表包括9个一级条目和49个二级条目。成人肝移植患者术后自我管理问题提示列表在帮助患者系统了解肝移植术后自我管理框架、促进医患沟通、提升自我管理主动性等方面具有较好的作用。结论该研究构建的成人肝移植患者术后自我管理问题提示列表具有科学性、可靠性和实用性，有助于患者向医护人员获取有关自我管理的信息。

关键词: 肝移植, 自我管理, 问题提示列表, 德尔菲技术, 护患沟通, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To develop a postoperative self-management question prompt list for adult liver transplant recipients and conduct preliminary application，aiming to provide an effective tool for facilitating their engagement in postoperative self-management. Methods From August to September 2024，the first draft of the postoperative self-management question prompt list for adult liver transplant recipients was developed through literature search and qualitative interviews，including 9 primary items and 50 secondary items. From October to November 2024，16 experts from Qingdao，Jinan，Beijing，and Fuzhou were interviewed on the Delphi method for 2 rounds to revise the question prompt list. From February to March 2025，19 patients after liver transplantation were selected for the preliminary application of the question prompt list. Results The response rates in the 2 rounds of consultations were both 100% and the authority coefficients of experts were both 0.88. The Kendall’s W in the 2 rounds was 0.336 and 0.344（P<0.001），respectively. The final question prompt list includes 9 primary items and 49 secondary items. The study showed that QPL demonstrated high clinical practicability in helping patients systematically understand the self-management framework after liver transplantation, promoting doctor-patient communication, and enhancing the initiative of self-management. Conclusion The question prompt list of postoperative self-management for adult liver transplant recipients established in this study is scientific，reliable，and practical，which is helpful for patients to obtain information about self-management from medical staff.

Key words: Liver Transplant, Self-Management, Question Prompt List, Delphi Technique, Nurse-Patient Communication, Nursing Care

路梦新, 徐晓玮, 程莉洁, 郝小晨, 刘青青, 徐庆国, 张丙良. 成人肝移植患者术后自我管理问题提示列表的构建及应用研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(14): 1709-1715.

LU Mengxin, XU Xiaowei, CHENG Lijie, HAO Xiaochen, LIU Qingqing, XU Qingguo, ZHANG Bingliang. Construction and preliminary application of a self-management question prompt list in adult liver transplant recipients[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(14): 1709-1715.

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