安宁疗护病房护士关怀行为的现状及潜在剖面分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.01.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究安宁疗护病房护士的关怀行为现状，分析其潜在剖面特征及影响因素，为制订针对性干预措施提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法，于2023年8月—11月选取江苏省、浙江省、上海市、山东省、安徽省、北京市、广东省、四川省22所二级及以上医院安宁疗护病房的护士作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、护士关怀行为量表、安宁疗护护士共情能力量表、护理工作环境量表进行调查。将护士关怀行为量表的24个条目作为外显指标进行潜在剖面分析，并通过Logistic回归分析探究不同潜在剖面的影响因素。结果共回收420份问卷，其中有效问卷393份，有效问卷回收率为93.57%。安宁疗护病房护士的关怀行为分为3个潜在剖面，分别为高关怀水平-低尊重与联系组（49.62%）、高偏下关怀水平-整体波动组（30.79%）、中关怀水平-高知识与技能组（19.59%）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄、认知和情感共情能力、高质量护理所需的工作环境是护士关怀行为潜在剖面的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论安宁疗护病房护士的关怀行为存在明显异质性，护理管理者应根据不同潜在剖面的影响因素制订个性化干预措施，以改善护士的关怀行为。

关键词: 安宁疗护, 关怀行为, 共情能力, 工作环境, 潜在剖面分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the current situation of caring behavior among hospice nurses，and to analyze its latent profiles and population characteristics，so as to provide ideas for targeted interventions. Methods From August to November 2023，convenience sampling was used to select hospice nurses from 22 secondary and above hospitals in Jiangsu Province，Zhejiang Province，Shanghai City，Shandong Province，Anhui Province，Beijing City，Guangdong Province，and Sichuan Province. The demographic characteristics questionnaire，the Caring Behaviors Inventory，the Empathy Ability Scale for Hospice Nurses，and the Practice Environment Scale were used for investigation. Latent profile analysis was conducted based on 24 items of the Caring Behaviors Inventory as explicit indicators，and the influencing factors of different profiles were analyzed through multivariate logistic regression model. Results A total of 420 questionnaires were collected，of which 393 were valid，with a valid questionnaire response rate of 93.57%. The caring behavior of hospice nurses could be divided into 3 latent profiles，namely high level of care-low respect and connection group（49.62%），high to low caring behavior-overall fluctuation group（30.79%），and medium level of care-high knowledge and skills group（19.59%）. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that age，the dimensions of cognitive and emotional empathy in the Empathy Ability Scale for Hospice Nurses and the dimension of nursing foundations for quality of care in the Practice Environment Scale were the influencing factors of the latent profile of hospice nurses’ caring behavior（P<0.05）. Conclusion There is significant heterogeneity in the caring behavior of hospice nurses. Nursing managers should develop individualized interventions for hospice nurses according to the influencing factors of different latent profiles to improve their level of caring behavior.

Key words: Hospice Care, Caring Behavior, Empathy, Work Environment, Latent Profile Analysis, Nursing Care

王甜甜, 陈洁, 任南晓, 李云容, 张柳柳, 吴冰, 赵云. 安宁疗护病房护士关怀行为的现状及潜在剖面分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2025, 60(1): 90-98.

WANG Tiantian, CHEN Jie, REN Nanxiao, LI Yunrong, ZHANG Liuliu, WU Bing, ZHAO Yun. Current status and latent profile analysis of nurses’ caring behaviors in hospice care[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2025, 60(1): 90-98.

图/表 4

表1 调查对象的一般资料及其关怀行为3个潜在剖面影响因素的单因素分析结果

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of hospice nurses and their single-factor analysis on the 3 latent profiles of caring behavior

图1 安宁疗护病房护士关怀行为的潜在剖面特征

Figure 1 Characteristics of latent profile in caring behavior of hospice nurses

表2 安宁疗护病房护士关怀行为潜在剖面模型的拟合结果

Table 2 Model fitting information for the latent profile of caring behavior of hospice nurses

表3 安宁疗护病房护士关怀行为3个潜在剖面影响因素的Logistic回归分析结果（n=393）

Table 3 Multiple logistic regression of 3 latent profiles in caring behavior of hospice nurses（n=393）

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