糖尿病前期患者自我管理潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.09.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨糖尿病前期患者自我管理行为的潜在类别特征，并分析不同潜在类别的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法，选取2022年9月—2023年6月在江苏省某2所三级甲等综合医院体检中心及内分泌门诊治疗的糖尿病前期患者作为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、糖尿病前期疾病知识问卷、糖尿病前期自我管理量表、糖尿病自我效能量表及社会支持评定量表进行调查。结果共纳入445例调查对象，年龄为（44.92±4.98）岁。最终识别出4个自我管理行为的潜在类别，分别为低自我管理型（16.4%）、静态自我管理型（19.1%）、动态自我管理型（25.6%）和高自我管理型（38.9%）。职业状况、婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入、糖尿病家族史、疾病知识、自我效能、社会支持是糖尿病前期患者自我管理行为的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论糖尿病前期患者的自我管理行为存在显著的类别特征，医护人员可早期识别各类别特征及影响因素，为医护人员制订针对性的临床干预措施提供依据，以帮助患者提高自我管理水平。

关键词: 糖尿病前期, 自我管理, 潜在剖面分析, 影响因素分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the potential categories of self-management behavior in prediabetes patients and analyze the influencing factors of different potential categories. Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select pre-diabetic patients treated in physical examination centers and endocrinology outpatient clinics in 2 tertiary A hospitals in Jiangsu Province from September 2022 to June 2023. General data questionnaire，Prediabetic Disease Knowledge Questionnaire，Prediabetes Self-management Scale，Diabetes Self-efficacy Scale and Social Support Rating Scale were used for investigation. Results A total of 445 subjects were included in this study，with an average age of（44.92±4.98） years. 4 potential categories of self-management behavior were identified，namely low self-management（16.4%），static self-management（19.1%），dynamic self-management（25.6%） and high self-management（38.9%）. Occupational status，marital status，family per capita monthly income，family history of diabetes，disease knowledge，self-efficacy and social support were the influencing factors of self-management behavior in prediabetes patients（P<0.05）. Conclusion There are significant category characteristics of self-management behavior in patients with prediabetes. Medical staff can identify the category characteristics and influencing factors early，and provide bases for medical staff to formulate targeted clinical intervention measures to help patients improve their self-management level.

Key words: Pre-Diabetes, Self-Management, Potential Profile Analysis, Root Cause Analysis, Nursing Care

丁慧敏, 戴莉敏, 蔡冬青, 杨群. 糖尿病前期患者自我管理潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(9): 1057-1064.

DING Huimin, DAI Limin, CAI Dongqing, YANG Qun. Potential profile analysis and influencing factors of self-management in prediabetic patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(9): 1057-1064.

图/表 4

表1 调查对象的一般资料及自我管理潜在类别的单因素分析

Table 1 Univariate analysis of respondents’ general information and potential categories of self-management

表2 糖尿病前期患者自我管理潜在剖面分析模型拟合结果（n=445）

Table 2 Model fitting results of potential profile analysis model for self-management in prediabetic patients（n=445）

图1 糖尿病前期患者自我管理潜在剖面图

Figure 1 Potential profile of prediabetes self-management

表3 糖尿病前期自我管理潜在剖面的多因素分析（n=445）

Table 3 Multifactor analysis of potential profiles of prediabetes self-management（n=445）

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