老年椎体骨折术后患者骨质疏松症知识掌握现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.24.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解老年椎体骨折术后患者骨质疏松症知识掌握程度及影响因素，为提高老年椎体骨折术后患者骨质疏松症认知提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法，2023年9月—11月，选取31个省（自治区、直辖市）5 955例老年椎体骨折术后患者作为调查对象，应用一般资料调查表、健康教育情况调查表、骨质疏松知识评价工具进行调查，采用单因素分析及Logistic回归分析其骨质疏松症知识掌握程度的影响因素。结果回收有效问卷5 248份，有效问卷回收率为88.13%，老年椎体骨折术后患者骨质疏松知识评价工具得分为11.00（7.00，13.00）分，3 675例（70.03%）患者骨质疏松症知识掌握较差。就诊医院所在地区（东部地区医院）、罹患肿瘤、有既往手术史、入院原因为跌倒、诊断为严重骨质疏松症、合并术后并发症、使用助行器、使用抗骨质疏松药物、接受了骨质疏松症健康教育、接受了跌倒预防健康教育、健康教育形式（视频、电话随访、健康教育手册、微信平台）是老年椎体骨折术后患者骨质疏松症知识掌握程度的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论老年椎体骨折术后患者骨质疏松症知识掌握程度有待提升，应加强规范的骨质疏松症健康教育，关注重点人群，助力骨质疏松症的二级预防。

关键词: 老年人, 椎体骨折, 骨质疏松症, 影响因素分析, 横断面调查, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To assess the level of knowledge and influencing factors related to osteoporosis in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures after surgery in China，providing a basis for improving their understanding. Methods A total of 5 955 elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures in 31 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities） were selected as survey subjects from September to November 2023. A general information questionnaire and an osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool were used for a cross-sectional survey. The univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results 5 248 valid questionnaires were collected，and the effective questionnaire recovery rate was 88.13%.The score of osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool of elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures after surgery was 11.00（7.00，13.00）. 70.03% of the patients had poor knowledge of osteoporosis. The location of the hospital（eastern region hospitals），presence of tumors, past surgical history，admission for falls，diagnosis of severe osteoporosis，postoperative complications，use of walking aids，use of anti-osteoporosis drugs，osteoporosis health education，fall prevention health education，and health education forms（video，telephone，manual，and WeChat） were the influencing factors of osteoporosis knowledge in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures after surgery（P<0.05）. Conclusion The osteoporosis knowledge of elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures after surgery needs to be improved. To help the secondary prevention of osteoporosis，the standardized osteoporosis health education should be strengthened，and attention should be paid to key groups.

Key words: Aged, Vertebral Fractures, Osteoporosis, Root Cause Analysis, Cross-Sectional Study, Nursing Care

邵梦琪, 高远, 邱晨, 宋咪, 苏清清, 宋杰, 李佳楠, 王友婷. 老年椎体骨折术后患者骨质疏松症知识掌握现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2024, 59(24): 2995-3002.

SHAO Mengqi, GAO Yuan, QIU Chen, SONG Mi, SU Qingqing, SONG Jie, LI Jianan, WANG Youting. Osteoporosis knowledge and its influencing factors in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures after surgery[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2024, 59(24): 2995-3002.

图/表 4

表1 老年椎体骨折术后患者的一般资料、健康教育情况及骨质疏松症知识掌握程度的单因素分析结果[例（百分比，%）]

Table 1 The general information of the respondents and health education and the univariate analysis results of the influencing factors of osteoporosis knowledge in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures after surgery [cases（percentages，%）]

续表1 老年椎体骨折术后患者的一般资料、健康教育情况及骨质疏松症知识掌握程度的单因素分析结果[例（百分比，%）]

Table 1(continued) The general information of the respondents and health education and the univariate analysis results of the influencing factors of osteoporosis knowledge in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures after surgery [cases（percentages，%）]

表2 老年椎体骨折术后患者的骨质疏松知识评价工具各条目的回答正确率（n=5 248）

Table 2 Responses to the facts on osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool（n=5 248）

表3 老年椎体骨折术后患者骨质疏松症知识掌握程度影响因素的Logistic回归分析结果（n=5 248）

Table 3 Logistic regression analysis results of factors influencing osteoporosis knowledge in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures after surgery（n=5 248）

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