老年心血管代谢性共病患者健康信息转化困境的质性研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.20.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探究老年心血管代谢性共病患者健康信息转化的困境及成因，为拓展健康信息行为干预方案提供依据。方法采用描述性质性研究，以目的抽样法选取2026年2—4月浙江省某三级甲等医院18例老年心血管代谢性共病患者展开半结构化访谈，基于健康行为过程取向理论，运用定向内容分析法进行资料分析。结果共提炼出前意向阶段—转化动机生成受阻（疾病危险感知钝化、积极结果预期模糊、经验性自我效能虚高、生活质量权衡后行动效能消退），意向阶段—转化计划制订障碍（矛盾信息下行动计划受阻、信息误解致行动计划偏差、应对计划缺失加速行动终止），行动/维持阶段—转化后的行动中断缺口（即时正向反馈缺失、行为疲劳诱发管理惰性、社会网络与行为维持冲突、疾病进展后恢复自我效能分化）等3个主题、11个亚主题。结论老年心血管代谢性共病患者在健康信息转化过程中面临阶段性困境，医护人员应针对患者所面临的具体困境与核心障碍，实施分层干预策略，以促进患者的健康信息行为效能，提升其自我管理能力，改善健康结局。

关键词: 老年人, 心血管代谢性共病, 健康信息行为, 信息转化, 自我管理, 质性研究, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the dilemmas and causes of health information translation in elderly patients with cardiometabolic comorbidity，and to provide a basis for expanding health information behavior intervention programs. Methods Using a descriptive qualitative research method，18 elderly patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity were selected by purposive sampling from a tertiary Grade A hospital in Zhejiang Province between February and April 2026 for semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis based on the Health Action Process Approach theory. Results A total of 3 themes and 11 sub-themes were extracted.Pre-intention stage：barriers to the generation of translation motivation（blunted perception of disease risk，ambiguous positive outcome expectancy，inflated empirical self-efficacy，diminished action self-efficacy after quality-of-life trade-offs）. Intention stage：barriers to the formulation of translation action plan（impaired formulation of action plan caused by conflicting information，deviation of action plan caused by information misinterpretation，accelerated action termination caused by coping plan deficit）.Action/maintenance stage：action disruption gap after translation（lack of immediate positive feedback，management inertia from behavioral fatigue，conflict between social network and behavior maintenance，differentiation in self-efficacy recovery after disease progression）. Conclusion Elderly patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity face phased dilemmas during the process of health information translation. Healthcare providers should implement stratified intervention strategies targeting the specific dilemmas and core barriers encountered by these patients，so as to enhance their health information behavior efficacy，improve their self-management ability，and ultimately achieve better health outcomes.

Key words: Aged, Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity, Health Information Behavior, Information Translation, Self-Management, Qualitative Research, Nursing Care

肖涵瑜, 陈蔚婧, 俞人悦, 李嘉琳, 穆瑞敏, 冯晨晨, 金金花. 老年心血管代谢性共病患者健康信息转化困境的质性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(20): 2757-2764.

XIAO Hanyu, CHEN Weijing, YU Renyue, LI Jialin, MU Ruimin, FENG Chenchen, JIN Jinhua. A qualitative study on health information translation dilemmas in elderly patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(20): 2757-2764.

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