超重或肥胖患者食物成瘾类别与体重反弹幅度的关系研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.13.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的识别超重或肥胖患者食物成瘾的潜在类别，并分析其与体重反弹幅度的关系，为制订针对性干预措施提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，于2025年4—8月选取杭州市某三级甲等综合医院体重管理门诊的380例体重反弹的超重或肥胖患者作为调查对象。使用一般资料调查表及食物成瘾量表进行调查，采用潜在类别分析提取食物成瘾的类别特征，以一般资料和潜在类别为自变量，体重反弹幅度为因变量进行广义线性模型分析。结果共368例体重反弹超重或肥胖患者完成调查，其食物成瘾可分为2个潜在类别：高症状-低社会觉察型（76.90%）和低情绪-高分心风险型（23.10%）。广义线性模型分析结果显示，BMI、饮食控制、运动控制及食物成瘾类别是超重或肥胖患者体重反弹幅度的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论体重反弹超重或肥胖患者的食物成瘾存在群体异质性，临床医护人员可依据患者的食物成瘾潜在类别给予针对性干预，以促进其体重管理的长期维持。

关键词: 超重, 肥胖, 食物成瘾, 体重反弹, 潜在类别分析, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To investigate latent classes of food addiction in patients with overweight or obesity，and analyze the relationship between different latent classes and weight regain rate，so as to provide references for targeted interventions. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to enroll 380 overweight or obese patients with weight regain from the weight management department of a tertiary general hospital in Hangzhou between April and August 2025. Data were collected using the general data questionnaire and the Food Addiction Scale. The latent class analysis was performed to extract potential categories of food addiction. Generalized linear model analysis was conducted with general data and potential categories as independent variables and weight regain rate as dependent variable. Results A total of 368 overweight or obese patients with weight regain completed the survey. Their food addiction could be divided into 2 latent classes：a high symptom-low social awareness group （76.90%） and a low emotional-high distraction risk group（23.10%）. Generalized linear model analysis revealed that BMI，diet control，exercise control and food addiction types were the significant influencing factors（P<0.05）. Conclusion There was group heterogeneity in overweight or obese patients with weight regain. Clinicians should provide targeted intervention according to the latent classes of patients’ food addiction，so as to promote long-term maintenance of weight management.

Key words: Overweight, Obesity, Food Addiction, Weight Regain, Latent Class Analysis, Nursing Care

王丽萍, 魏惠燕, 沈富女, 吴觅之, 谢琳燕, 王蒙蒙, 沈丽华. 超重或肥胖患者食物成瘾类别与体重反弹幅度的关系研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(13): 1816-1822.

WANG Liping, WEI Huiyan, SHEN Funü, WU Mizhi, XIE Linyan, WANG Mengmeng, SHEN Lihua. Latent class analysis of food addiction among patients with overweight or obesity and its relationship with weight regain rate[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(13): 1816-1822.

图/表 5

表1 超重或肥胖患者的一般资料及体重反弹幅度的单因素分析（n=368）

Table 1 Univariate analysis of general information and weight regain rate in overweight or obese patients（n=368）

表2 体重反弹超重或肥胖患者食物成瘾潜在类别模型的拟合指标（n=368）

Table 2 Fitting results of the latent class analysis for food addiction of overweight or obese patients with weight regain（n=368）

图1 体重反弹超重或肥胖患者食物成瘾潜在类别

Figure 1 Potential categories of food addiction of overweight or obese patients with weight regain

表3 自变量赋值方式

Table 3 Assignment of independent variables

表4 超重或肥胖患者体重反弹幅度的广义线性模型分析结果（n=368）

Table 4 Generalized linear model analysis of weight regain in overweight or obese patients（n=368）

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