个性化饮水量图谱在养老机构失能老年人中的适用性研究

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2021.01.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨个性化饮水量图谱在养老机构失能老年人中的适用性及应用效果,为预防养老机构失能老年人脱水提供参考。方法 2018年10月选取某养老机构血浆渗透压处于正常范围（280~<295 mmol/L）的失能老年人95例,调查其7 d饮水量,对比分析个性化饮水量图谱推荐饮水量与老年人7 d饮水量均值差异。2019年3月—8月选取该养老机构失能老年人150例,随机分为试验组、对照组1、对照组2。试验组按照个性化饮水量图谱推荐的饮水量饮水;对照组1不施加干预,失能老年人按原饮水量及习惯饮水;对照组2饮水量为1 200 ml/d。分别于干预前、干预6个月后比较3组失能老年人血浆渗透压、便秘、泌尿系统感染情况。结果干预6个月后,3组血浆渗透压比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）,组间两两比较显示,试验组和对照组2的干预效果优于对照组1,试验组的干预效果优于对照组2。结论个性化饮水量图谱考虑到失能老年人的个体差异,个性化推荐饮水量,适用于养老机构失能老年人,并能有效改善其血浆渗透压。

关键词: 失能老年人, 养老机构, 饮水, 脱水, 社区保健护理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the adaptability and application effect of personalized drinking water recommendation nomogram in the elderly with disability in nursing homes,and to provide references for the prevention of dehydration of the elderly with disability in the nursing homes. Methods In October 2018,95 disabled elderly people with normal plasma osmolality（280~<295mmol/L） were selected from a nursing home to investigate the 7-day drinking water consumption,and the differences between the recommended drinking water consumption of personalized drinking water consumption recommendation nomogram and the average 7-day drinking water consumption of the elderly were analyzed. From March to August 2019,150 cases of the disabled elderly in the nursing homes were randomly divided into a test group,control group 1 and control group 2. The test group received the recommended drinking water quantity of personalized drinking water quantity recommendation nomogram;there was no intervention in control group 1,and the disabled elderly drank according to the original amount of drinking water and habits;control group 2 received 1 200 ml/day. The plasma osmolality,constipation and urinary tract infection of 3 groups were compared before and 6 months after the interventions. Results There was no significant difference between the recommended drinking water quantity of the personalized drinking water quantity recommendation nomogram and the 7-day drinking water quantity mean value of the normal plasma osmotic pressure elderly（P>0.05）;6 months after the implementation of different drinking water targets and drinking water interventions,the differences of plasma osmolality between 3 groups were statistically significant（P<0.001）. The comparison between 2 groups showed that the intervention effect of the test group and the control group 2 was better than that of the control group 1,and the intervention effect of the test group was better than that of the control group 2. Conclusion Considering the individual differences of the disabled elderly,personalized recommended drinking water nomogram is suitable for the disabled elderly in nursing homes and it can improve plasma osmotic pressure.

Key words: Disabled Elderly, Nursing Homes, Water Intake, Dehydration, Community Health Nursing

张虹,沈军,Xiao Lily Dongxia,喻秀丽,童立纺,刘玥,陈秋,王欣霞,章丹丹,霍丹. 个性化饮水量图谱在养老机构失能老年人中的适用性研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2021, 56(1): 103-108.

ZHANG Hong,SHEN Jun,XIAO Lily Dongxia,YU Xiuli,TONG Lifang,LIU Yue,CHEN Qiu,WANG Xinxia,ZHANG Dandan,HUO Dan. Study on the adaptability of personalized drinking water nomogram to the disabled elderly in nursing homes[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2021, 56(1): 103-108.

图/表 3

图1 养老机构失能老年人个性化饮水量图谱

Fig 1 Personalized drinking water nomogram for disabled elderly in nursing homes

表1 3组一般资料比较

Tab.1 Comparison of three groups of general data

表2 3组血浆渗透压、便秘、泌尿系统感染比较

Comparison of plasma osmotic pressure, constipation and urinary tract infection among the three groups

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