养老机构老年人饮食自我效能现状及影响因素分析

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2022.22.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查养老机构老年人饮食自我效能现状及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法，2020年8月—12月，选取银川市3所养老机构老年人350名，使用一般资料调查表、营养知识和态度调查表、微型营养评定简表和饮食自我效能量表进行问卷调查，采用随机森林模型和多元线性回归分析饮食自我效能的影响因素。结果 350名养老机构老年人的饮食自我效能总得分为（54.98±8.04）分，条目均分为（3.43±0.50）分。随机森林排序结果显示，影响饮食自我效能的前5位因素依次为营养态度、锻炼时长、营养知识、营养状况及学历。多元线性回归分析结果显示，营养知识、营养态度、营养状况、锻炼时长、学历为饮食自我效能的影响因素，与随机森林结果相似。结论养老机构老年人的饮食自我效能处于中等水平，营养态度积极、营养知识水平高、营养状况佳、每天锻炼30 min以上、学历高的养老机构老年人，其饮食自我效能较高。护理人员应综合考虑以上因素，制订老年人护理计划，提高其饮食自我管理信心和能力，从而改善营养状况。

关键词: 养老机构, 老年人, 自我效能, 影响因素分析, 老年护理学

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of diet self-efficacy among the elderly in nursing homes. Methods We used the convenience sampling method to select 350 older adults in 3 nursing homes in Yinchuan from August 2020 to December， using a General Information Questionnaire，Nutrition Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire，Micro Nutrition Assessment Scale，and Diet Self-Efficacy Scale to conduct a questionnaire survey. The random forest model combined with multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of diet self-efficacy. Results The total score of diet self-efficacy of the elderly in nursing homes was（54.98±8.04） points，and the scoring rate was 68.6%，with an average score of（3.43±0.50） points for all items. The random forest sorting showed that the top 5 factors affecting diet self-efficacy were nutrition attitude， exercise time， nutrition knowledge，nutrition status，and highest education. The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that nutrition knowledge， nutrition attitude，nutrition status，exercise time，education，and previous occupation were the influencing factors of diet self-efficacy，which were similar to the random forest results. Conclusion The diet self-efficacy of the elderly in nursing homes is moderate. Nutrition attitudes，knowledge，nutrition status， exercise time，and highest education are essential factors affecting diet self-efficacy. Nurses should comprehensively consider the above factors to develop elderly nursing plans to promote their diet self-management confidence and ability， thereby ameliorating their nutritional status.

Key words: Nursing Homes, Aged, Self-Efficacy, Root Cause Analysis, Geriatric Nursing

刘海燕, 陈莉, 宁艳花, 姜婷, 吕兄兄, 李美曼, 郭亚红, 孔维娟. 养老机构老年人饮食自我效能现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2022, 57(22): 2745-2749.

LIU Haiyan, CHEN Li, NING Yanhua, JIANG Ting, LÜ Xiongxiong, LI Meiman, GUO Yahong, KONG Weijuan. Analysis on the status and influencing factors of diet self-efficacy of the elderly in nursing homes[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2022, 57(22): 2745-2749.

图/表 3

表1 养老机构老年人饮食自我效能的单因素分析（n=350）

Table 1 Univariate analysis of dietary self-efficacy of the elderly in nursing homes（n=350）

表2 自变量赋值

Table 2 Assignment of included variables

表3 养老机构老年人饮食自我效能的多元线性回归分析

Table 3 Multiple linear regression analysis of diet self-efficacy of the elderly in nursing homes

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