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    20 June 2024, Volume 59 Issue 12
    Special Planning——Wound and Ostomy Care
    Evidence-based practice for a prevention and management programme of peristomal moisture-associated skin damage in patients
    GUO Qiong, LIU Chunfang, ZHANG Jing, TANG Qi, ZHANG Mengyuan, LI Xiuchuan
    2024, 59(12):  1413-1421.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.001
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    Objective To construct an evidence-based prevention and management programme for peristomal moisture-associated skin damage in patients with enterostomy,and to evaluate its clinical effectiveness in improving the knowledge level of nurses and patients about peristomal moisture-associated skin damage in patients with enterostomy and reducing the incidence and severity of peristomal moisture-associated skin damage. Methods Through literature screening,evaluation,and summary,the best evidence for the prevention and management programme of peristomal moisture-associated skin damage in patients with enterostomy was summarized. From October 2021 to March 2022,based on the Ottawa research application model,review indicators were developed based on the best evidence for clinical review,identifying obstacles and promoting factors in evidence application,and developing action strategies to improve the evidence-based practice content for the prevention and management of peristomal moisture-associated skin damage in patients with enterostomy. From April to June 2022,evidence-based practice was conducted in the oncology surgery ward of a tertiary hospital in Anhui Province. The implementation rate of various review indicators by nurses,the knowledge level of peristomal moisture-associated skin damage of nurses and patients,and the incidence and severity of peristomal moisture-associated skin damage were compared before and after evidence-based practice. Results 46 cases were included before the evidence-based practice and 49 cases were included after the evidence-based practice. After evidence-based practice,the implementation rate of each review index was improved; the overall implementation rate increased from(0—66.67%) to(83.33%—100%); the score of the patient’s knowledge questionnaire on peristomal moisture-associated skin damage was increased from(69.67±8.31) to(80.18±8.07). The score of the nurse’s knowledge questionnaire on peristomal moisture-associated skin damage was increased from(79.83±5.97) to(88.28±5.43). At 4 weeks and 12 weeks of discharge,the incidence of peristomal moisture-associated skin damage was decreased,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05); the severity of peristomal moisture-associated skin damage was also significantly reduced,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Conclusion Conducting evidence-based practice for the prevention and management of peristomal moisture-associated skin damage can effectively improve the implementation rate of nurse review indicators,improve the knowledge level of nurses and patients with peristomal moisture-associated skin damage,and reduce the incidence and severity of peristomal moisture-associated skin damage in patients with enterostomy.

    Effects of positive psychological intervention in patients with permanent enterostomy
    QU Shengmei, QI Xiangxiu, LI Qun, LI Ke, LI Yan, HAN Li, LI Jingying
    2024, 59(12):  1422-1428.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.002
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    Objective To explore the effects of positive psychological intervention based on PERMA model of wellbeing on stigma,adaptation to ostomy and quality of life in patients with permanent enterostomy. Methods A total of 83 patients with permanent enterostomy were recruited from October 2022 to September 2023 in a tertiary hospital in Liaoning Province. They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. While the control group received routine nursing,the experimental group received nursing intervention based on PERMA. The intervention lasted 8 weeks,and data were collected before and after the intervention. The scores of the Social Impact Scale(SIS),Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-20(OAI-20) and Stoma Quality of Life(Stoma-QOL) in the 2 groups were compared. Results Experimental group and control group were 40 cases each completed the study. After the intervention,the SIS score of the experimental group was(44.70±9.10),which was significantly lower than (62.15±12.43) of the control group, and the difference between 2 groups was statistically significant(t=-7.163,P<0.001). The OAI-20 score of the experimental group was(52.28±5.80), which was significantly higher than(41.53±9.00) of the control group, and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant(t=6.349,P<0.001). The Stoma-QOL score of the experimental group was(54.08±8.29),which was significantly higher than(42.95±9.19)of the control group, and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant(t=5.688,P<0.001). Conclusion Nursing interventions based on PERMA are beneficial in reducing stigma of patients with permanent enterostomy,improving their ostomy adjustment and postoperative quality of life.

    Potential profile analysis and nursing implications of self-management in elderly patients with venous leg ulcers
    WANG Anzi, MU Wenfang, GU Fei, WANG Xian, WANG Yan, XU Zhiwei, ZHOU Panpan
    2024, 59(12):  1429-1435.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.003
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    Objective To explore the status quo and potential profile of self-management in elderly patients with venous leg ulcers,analyse the differences and influencing factors in different profiles,and provide references for clinical nursing. Methods Convenient sampling method was used to select patients who were followed up in the department of vascular surgery and vascular department of 3 tertiary A hospitals in Shanghai from October 2022 to May 2023 as the study subjects. General data questionnaire,Chronic Wound Patient Self-management Behavior Questionnaire,Health Literacy Management Scale,Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire,Social Support Rating Scale,Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 were used for investigation. Mplus 8.3 was used for potential profile analysis,and SPSS 25.0 was used for univariate analysis and multiple Logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 316 valid questionnaires were collected,and the patients were divided into 3 potential profiles according to their self-management level:low management-inefficient wound response,middle management-highly effective compliance and high management-efficient wound response,accounting for 25.63%,46.84%and 27.53% respectively. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that duration of illness,depression,health literacy,self-efficacy and illness perception were factors influencing the potential profile of self-management in elderly patients with venous leg ulcers. Conclusion The self-management level of elderly patients with venous leg ulcers is at a medium level and has obvious classification characteristics. Clinical nurses can take targeted nursing measures according to different characteristics of patients to improve their self-management ability.

    A multicenter study on the applicability and optimal cut-off of the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale in the diagnosis of pressure injury in ICU patients
    YANG Zhuang, PEI Juhong, YANG Qiuxia, LÜ Lin, WEI Yuting, TAO Hongxia, ZHANG Hongyan, MA Yuxia, HAN Lin
    2024, 59(12):  1436-1442.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.004
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    Objective To explore the applicability and optimal cut-off of the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale in the diagnosis of pressure injury in ICU patients in China. Methods From April 2021 to October 2022,6 203 ICU patients from 35 tertiary hospitals in Gansu Province were included in the study by convenience sampling method. The standardized trained ICU nurses examined the skin and collected relevant data,determined whether or not there was pressure injury and its stage,and simultaneously used the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale for pressure injury risk assessment. The software was used to statistically analyze the area under the receive operating characteristic curve(AUC),Yoden index,sensitivity,specificity and other indexes of the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale in the diagnosis of pressure injury in ICU patients. Results A total of 79 cases of pressure injury occurred during hospitalization in 6 203 ICU patients,with an incidence of 1.27%. Hierarchical analysis showed that the AUC of the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale in the prediction and diagnosis of pressure injury ranged from 0.74 to 0.92 in ICU patients with different sex,age,length of ICU stay,whether or not mechanically ventilated,and whether or not surgical. The Yoden index,sensitivity and specificity were 0.40—0.74,77.27%—94.44% and 62.44%—82.63%,respectively. When the total score was ≤28 points,the revised Cubbin & Jackson scale obtained the highest AUC (0.86),and the Yoden index,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,positive likelihood ratio,and negative likelihood ratio were 0.60,92.41%,67.26%,3.50%,99.86%,2.82 and 0.11,respectively. Conclusion The revised Cubbin & Jackson scale can be used as a suitable tool to effectively predict and diagnose pressure injury in ICU patients in China,and the optimal cut-off of ≤28 points is appropriate.

    Nursing care of a rectal cancer patient with intestinal fistula using fistula isolation technique combined with zonal management
    WANG Hui, SUN Hongling, SUN Yan, XIA Jinping, XU Caiyun
    2024, 59(12):  1443-1445.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.005
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    To summarize the nursing experience of a patient with intestinal fistula after laparoscopic extended radical resection of rectal cancer plus ileostomy. Nursing points include:multi-disciplinary joint formulation of systemic treatment and nursing plan; using fistula isolation technology to isolate and drain digestive fluid; implementing incision segmentation management to promote infection control and tissue growth. After careful treatment and nursing care,the intestinal fistula was closed after 38 days of surgery,and the wound healed after 52 days of surgery.

    Summary of the best evidence for surrounding skin management in venous leg ulcers
    ZHONG Yu, WEI Huiyan, LIN Shujie, TANG Leiwen
    2024, 59(12):  1446-1453.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.10.12.006
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    Objective To summarize the relevant evidence of skin management around venous leg ulcers,and to provide a reference for medical staff and patients to manage the skin. Methods According to the 6S model,we searched UpToDate,BMJ Best Practice,Guidelines International Network,Medlive,Joanna Briggs Institute,Cochrane Library,PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang data,Health Service Executive,Wound,Ostomy,and Continence Nurses Society,European Society for Vascular Surgery,Association for the Advancement of Wound Care,Wound Healing Society,New Zealand Wound Care Society for all the articles related to skin management around venous leg ulcers. The retrieved literature included clinical decision-making,guidelines,best practices,expert consensuses,evidence summaries,systematic reviews,and randomized controlled trials. The retrieval period was from the inception of databases to October 11,2023. There were 2 nursing postgraduate who evaluated the quality of the included literature,and the evidence was extracted and summarized combined with the opinions of evidence-based nursing experts and wound care specialists. Results A total of 13 articles were included,including 1 clinical decision,1 evidence summary,6 guidelines,1 best practice,1 systematic review,and 3 RCTs. Finally,5 evidence themes and 24 pieces of best evidence were formed including skin therapy,skin cleaning,skin moisturizing,exudation management,and pressure therapy. Conclusion This study summarized the best evidence for the treatment,nursing,exudation management,and pressure therapy of the skin around the ulcer in patients with venous leg ulcers,to provide resource preparation for clinical transformation and guidance for clinical medical care and patient management of the skin around the ulcer.

    Summary of the best evidence on health education for patients with temporary enterostomies
    LI Danyang, ZHUANG Jiayuan, LIN Huayan, LIN Na, ZHU Rui, WANG Yan
    2024, 59(12):  1454-1461.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.007
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    Objective To systematically retrieve and summarize high-quality evidence on health education for patients with temporary enterostomies to provide an evidence-based basis for clinical practice. Methods We searched UpToDate,BMJ Best Practice,AHRQ,NICE,RNAO,MEDLIVE,WCET,UOAA,NSWOCC,NHMRC,CNA,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,JBI,and Cochrane Collaboration databases of evidence related to health education for patients with temporary enterostomies,including clinical decisions,guidelines,expert consensuses,evidence summaries,and systematic reviews. The search time limit was from January 1,2013 to August 1,2023. 2 researchers who were trained in systematic evidence-based knowledge independently conducted literature screening,quality assessment,extraction and summarization of evidence based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results A total of 16 articles were included,including 5 guidelines,2 clinical decisions,4 evidence summaries,2 systematic reviews,2 expert consensuses,and 1 standard. The 24 pieces of the best evidences were summarized in 7 aspects:qualification of health educators,subjects of health education,opportunity of health education,mode and evaluation index of health education,preoperative health education,postoperative health education and home follow-up management. Conclusion The best evidence of health education for patients with temporary enterostomies summarized in this study is scientific and practical,providing evidence-based basis for healthcare professionals to implement health education for patients with temporary enterostomies.

    Specialist Practice and Research
    Application of static progressive stretch in perioperative rehabilitation nursing of patients with unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
    CHEN Yu’e, GAO Yuan, KONG Dan, GU Siqi, KANG Shanshan, XIE Tao
    2024, 59(12):  1462-1467.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.008
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    Objective To explore the application value of static progressive stretch(SPS) combined with step-wise progressive rehabilitation nursing in perioperative rehabilitation nursing of patients with unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA). Methods From January 2022 to June 2023,a total of 74 patients who were scheduled to undergo UKA in the Department of Orthopedics of a tertiary A hospital in Beijing were selected by the convenient sampling method and divided into 2 groups by the random number table method,with 37 cases in each group. The experimental group was given step-by-step rehabilitation nursing combined with SPS technology,while the control group was only given step-by-step rehabilitation nursing,and the intervention lasted for 4 weeks. The knee joint activity,knee joint function score,comfort,and rehabilitation self-efficacy of the 2 groups were observed and measured before and after the intervention. Results Finally,35 patients were included in the experimental group and 36 patients in the control group. After the intervention,the knee joint range of motion,knee joint function score,comfort,rehabilitation self-efficacy and all dimensions and their total scores in the experimental group were higher than those before the intervention and those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion SPS combined with progressive rehabilitation nursing can effectively improve the knee joint function and range of motion of patients after UKA,improve the comfort of patients,improve their quality of life,and enhance their rehabilitation self-efficacy,which is helpful to achieve early recovery.

    Development and reliability and validity test of the Home Volume Management Self-Rating Scale for Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
    YE Linbin, MA Haihong, SHEN Haihong, LIU Haiting, ZHENG Beibei, WU Jiayun, NING Li
    2024, 59(12):  1468-1474.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.009
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    Objective To develop a self-assessment scale of home volume management for patients with chronic heart failure(CHF),and to test its reliability and validity. Methods With the self-care theory as the theoretical framework,the initial scale was developed through literature analysis,qualitative interview and expert consultation. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 598 patients with CHF who were treated or reviewed in a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou from September 2022 to January 2023 to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Results The exploratory factor analysis extracted 4 common factors with the cumulative variance contribution rate of 61.268%. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the main evaluation indicators were all within the acceptable range of the judgment standard. The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.853 to 1.000;the scale-level content validity index/average was 0.951. The Cronbach’s α coefficient,half reliability and retest reliability of the overall scale were 0.930,0.723 and 0.867,respectively. Conclusion The self-rating scale of home volume management for CHF patients has good reliability and validity,and it can effectively assess the level of home volume management for CHF patients.

    Potential profile analysis of health management behaviors of patients with metabolic syndrome in southern Xinjiang
    CHANG Yashu, LI Keyi, NI Zhihong
    2024, 59(12):  1475-1483.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.010
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    Objective To identify the potential categories of health management behaviors of patients with metabolic syndrome(MS),and to analyze differences in characteristics and influencing factors of patients across classes. Methods A random sample of 906 MS patients in southern Xinjiang were selected to investigate the current health management behaviors. The demographic information and Self-management Behaviors of MS patients results were collected. Latent profile analysis,univariate analysis,and unordered multi-categorical Logistic regression were used to identify the potential categories and predictors of health management behaviors in MS patients. Results The health management behaviors of 906 MS patients could be categorized into 3 groups:poor health management behaviors group(40.5%),health management behaviors medium-high medication management group(40.7%),and good health management behaviors group(18.8%). Compared with the good health management behaviors group,non-agriculture and animal husbandry,social support are protective factors for MS patients in the poor health management behaviors group. Self-efficacy is a protective factor for MS patients in the health management behaviors medium-high medication management group,and perceived stress is a risk factor for both categories. Conclusion The health management behaviors of MS patients are at a poor level. Nurses can carry out personalized health management according to different categories and their main influencing factors.

    Status and risk factors of intra-abdominal hypertension in children after liver transplantation
    LU Fangyan, DAI Yanhong, LI Zhiru, JI Li, WANG Yan, WANG Huafen
    2024, 59(12):  1484-1489.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.011
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    Objective To understand the status of intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH) in children after liver transplantation,and to analyze the risk factors,to provide references for clinical medical staff to identify high-risk early,and formulate the prevention and intervention program of IAH after liver transplantation. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted,and the clinical data of 208 children who received liver transplantation from October 2021 to June 2023 in a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province were enrolled. The status of IAH after liver transplantation was described,and participants were divided into 2 groups according to transbladder monitoring intra-abdominal pressure levels. Children with ≥10 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) was classified as an intra-abdominal hypertension group,while those with <10 mmHg was classified as a non-intra-abdominal hypertension group. Results There were 51 cases (24.52%) which had IAH,including 12 cases (23.53%) of grade I to II and 39 cases (76.47%) of grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ in 208 intra-abdominal hypertension in children after liver transplantation. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the graft to recipient weight ratio(OR=1.391),duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation(OR=1.006),and postoperative central venous pressure(OR=1.375) were independent risk factors for IAH(P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of IAH in children after liver transplantation were high. Greater graft to recipient weight ratio,longer mechanical ventilation time,higher central venous pressure could increase the risk of IAH. During clinical practice,more emphasis should be strengthened on the abdominal pressure dynamic monitoring and providing timely intervention to reduce the occurrence of IAH,and improving the prognosis of children after liver transplantation.

    Current situation and influencing factors of nurses’ knowledge,attitude and practice on fertility preservation of female cancer patients in a cancer hospital
    CHEN Xiaocen, KAN Zhongfan, GU Chenchen, FU Yaxin, YAN Xuanyue, YAN Ling
    2024, 59(12):  1490-1496.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.012
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    Objective To investigate knowledge,attitude and practice towards the fertility preservation of female cancer patients among clinical nurses in a cancer hospital,and to analyze influencing factors,so as to provide references for clinical implementation of related nursing services. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was delivered to 336 nurses working at a tertiary oncology hospital in Tianjin. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the factors influencing the knowledge,attitude,and practice level of female fertility preservation among nurses in a cancer hospital. Results In October 2022,a total of 291 nurses completed the questionnaires. The score of the knowledge,attitude and practice were(46.13±8.66),31.00(29.00,33.00),12.00(8.00,14.00),respectively,and the total score was(88.08±12.78). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that education level,position,department types and whether or not getting the knowledge about fertility preservation of female cancer patients were the influencing factors for the total scores of knowledge,attitude and practice(P<0.05). Conclusion Nurses who work at the cancer hospital have a positive attitude towards fertility preservation for female cancer patients,while their knowledge and practice level need be improved. Nursing administrators should attach importance to improving the knowledge level and practical ability of nurses in cancer hospitals to protect the fertility of female cancer patients,so as to promote the development of onco-fertility nursing in the future.

    Intractable Diseases Care
    Continued nursing in a patient with combined liver-lung transplantation
    LIANG Jiangshuyuan, ZENG Fei, GU Peipei
    2024, 59(12):  1497-1500.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.013
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    To summarize the continued nursing management of a patient with combined liver-lung transplantation. Nursing points:regular review and joint remote guidance; dynamic optimization of the rehabilitation program; strict control of blood concentration of Tacrolimus;the strengthening of infection prevention and control; standardized management of post-transplant diabetes mellitus; active interventions in osteoporosis; helping patients to self-empower and achieve all-round rehabilitation. In 2 years and 8 months after surgery,the follow-up showed that the patient had normal transplant organ function and good quality of life.

    Perinatal nursing for third trimester complicated with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula:a case report
    LIU Ningning, ZHANG Le, WANG Jing, FENG Suwen
    2024, 59(12):  1501-1504.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.014
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    The report summarized the experience in perinatal nursing for 1 case of third trimester complicated with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. The highlights of nursing for the case were as follows. A professional team was set up for division and cooperation of labor in perinatal nursing; relevant conditions were identified precisely,and relevant emergency care was well done; appropriate methods for pregnancy termination and anesthesia were selected,and relevant intraoperative nursing was performed smoothly; a whole process of fine management was adopted,and the occurrence of serious complications was prevented effectively; personalized guidance for breastfeeding was provided after delivery. After the comprehensive management of the multidisciplinary team,both mother and baby were discharged safely.

    Evidence Synthesis Research
    Experiences of drug self-management in elderly patients with multimorbidities:a qualitative Meta-synthesis
    WANG Chunlei, HAN Shanshan, ZHANG Wenzhong, XU Zhenzhen, LI Jing, ZHAO Fengyi, SUN Qingxiang, JI Hong
    2024, 59(12):  1505-1511.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.015
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    Objective To systematically evaluate the experiences of drug self-management in elderly patients with multiple chronic illnesses,so as to provide references for the development of personalized drug self-management intervention programs. Methods Qualitative research on drug self-management experiences of elderly patients with multiple chronic diseases was retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,CINAHL,Web of Science,Scopus,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and SinoMed. The retrieval time limit is from the establishment of the databases to November 2023. The qualitative research quality evaluation criteria of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-based Health Care Center in Australia was used to evaluate quality of studies. The results were integrated by meta-integration method. Results A total of 9 studies were included,and 33 research results were extracted,and 4 integrated results and 12 categories were synthesized. The integration results included the objective dilemmas and challenges of drug self-management,the low level of drug literacy,willingness to engage in positive behavior attempts,need of multi-party assistance. Conclusion The objective dilemmas of drug self-management and low level of drug literacy in elderly patients with multimorbidity will seriously affect their health outcomes. Medical staffs should pay attention to the different experiences of patients in the process of drug self-management,identify the needs of patients,formulate targeted intervention support strategies,and improve the level of drug self-management in elderly patients.

    Summary of the best evidence on nebulizing inhalation care in adults with mechanical ventilation
    DING Juan, CHEN Xiaoli, XIAO Yue, CHEN Lin, XU Yingting, LIAO Changju, SONG Hang, ZHANG Xiaoyan, YU Hong
    2024, 59(12):  1512-1519.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.07.12.016
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    Objective The researchers systematically retrieved,evaluated,and summarized the best evidence for the care of nebulized inhalation in adult patients on mechanical ventilation,to provide a basis for standardizing the care of nebulized inhalation in patients on mechanical ventilation. Methods We systematically searched the domestic and foreign databases to collect the evidence on the literature related to nebulization therapy for mechanical ventilation in adults. The time for the retrieval is from the inception of databases until February 2023. There were 3 researchers who evaluated the quality of the literature,and extracted and summarized the evidence based on this subject. Results A total of 19 articles were obtained in database. 42 pieces of evidence were summarized,covering pre-assessment of nebulized inhalation,preparation before nebulized inhalation,medication management,selection and standardized use of nebulization devices,respiratory machine mode and parameter settings,equipment management during nebulized inhalation,evaluation of effect,management of adverse reactions,disposal of materials and environment after nebulized inhalation and management of nebulized inhalation for respiratory infectious diseases. Conclusion This study summarized the best evidence for nebulized inhalation nursing in adult patients with mechanical ventilation,so as to provide a reference of standardized nebulized inhalation therapy for such patients,which is conducive to ensuring the safety of patients.

    Review
    Progress in the application of working memory training in chronic disease management
    CHEN Ciai, DING Shanni, RU Yifan, WANG Jianan, ZHANG Xiaoxiao, PAN Hongying
    2024, 59(12):  1520-1524.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.017
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    Working memory training,as a low-cost and efficient computerized cognitive training,can improve the cognitive function and behavioral decision-making of chronic disease patients,enhance their self-management awareness and ability,and demonstrate good application prospects in chronic disease management. This article reviewed the origin and development of working memory training,its application in chronic disease management,effectiveness evaluation,application challenges,and suggestions,providing references for improving the quality of chronic disease management.

    Research progress of feeding interruption during airway procedures in critically ill patients with enteral nutrition
    LIU Huan, DU Aiping, ZHANG Yaodan, YIN Wanhong, TIAN Yongming
    2024, 59(12):  1525-1530.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.018
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    Feeding interruption related to airway procedures is a crucial factor contributing to enteral feeding disruption in critically ill patients,and it represents a significant cause of inadequate enteral nutrition delivery. Prolonged or repeated interruptions exacerbate the insufficiency of enteral nutrition,impede patient recovery,and increase the risk of adverse complications. The absence of clear guidelines and standardized protocols has led to variations in clinical practices regarding feeding interruption during airway procedures. This article provides an overview of the clinical importance and current practices associated with feeding interruption during airway procedures in critically ill patients. Additionally,potential avenues for future research are proposed with the aim of enhancing standardization,safety,and efficacy in feeding interruption practices linked to airway procedures for critically ill patients.

    Overseas Knowledge
    Practice and enlightenment of quality assurance of long-term care’s in the United States
    TONG Yulin, LUO Yan, ZHONG Huaxin
    2024, 59(12):  1531-1536.  DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2024.12.019
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    Long-term care encompasses the effectiveness of life care and health services that are provided to individuals and groups with disabilities,aiming to enhance their physical and mental well-being and overall quality of life. In the context of an aging population,prioritizing long-term care quality for populations with disability becomes imperative. The presenting study examined the main practices of assuring long-term care quality in the United States across 3 critical dimensions of structure,process and outcome,using the Donabedian quality framework theory. The findings were subsequently applied to guide the evaluation of the long-term care quality assurance in China,which serves as a valuable reference for promoting the high-quality development of long-term care services in China.