Abstract:

Objective To explore the experiences of family caregivers in dealing with emergency traumatic dental injuries in children，informing the development of family-centered emergency dental trauma interventions. Methods A phenomenological study design was employed. Using purposive sampling，semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 family caregivers of children who had experienced dental trauma. Participants were recruited from a tertiary dental hospital in Nanjing between June and October 2025. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Results 5 core themes and 13 sub-themes were extracted，including：①the experience of dual burden during initial management（excessive negative emotions，heavy economic load），②heterogeneous coping behaviors（activation of internal capabilities to enhance coping effectiveness，coping failure triggered by multiple factors，traditional beliefs guiding coping behaviors），③multidimensional challenges in the coping process（insufficient and biased disease knowledge，inadequate ability to identify and utilize information，lack of professional medical support，children resisting medical instructions），④perception of benefits in crisis coping（changing parenting concepts，self-reflection and growth），⑤diverse support needs for disease prevention（needs for family prevention and emergency preparedness，environmental protection and social support needs）. Conclusion Family caregivers encounter multiple pressures and practical dilemmas when responding to emergency dental trauma in children. Clinicians should attach importance to the coping experiences of family caregivers of children with dental trauma，identify the weak links in their coping process，establish targeted assessment and support systems，strengthen health education and guidance on disease response and management，and help improve the comprehensive coping abilities of family caregivers through multidimensional support.

Key words: Children, Dental Trauma, Family Caregivers, Coping Experiences, Qualitative Research, Pediatric Nursing

摘要：

目的 探讨家庭照顾者在面对儿童突发牙外伤事件时的应对体验，为制订以家庭为中心的牙外伤应急管理干预方案提供参考。 方法 采用现象学研究设计，通过目的抽样法，选取2025年6—10月于南京市某三级甲等口腔专科医院门诊就诊的19名牙外伤患儿的家庭照顾者作为研究对象进行半结构式访谈，采用Colaizzi 7步分析法分析资料。结果 共提炼出5个核心主题和13个亚主题，包括：①初次应对中的双重负担体验（负性情绪超载、经济负荷过重）；②应对行为中的异质表现（内在能力激活应对效能、多元因素引发应对失效、传统观念主导应对行为）；③应对进程中的多维挑战（疾病认知不足与偏差、信息甄别和利用能力不足、专业医疗支持缺乏、患儿对医嘱的抗拒）；④应对危机中的获益感知（改变育儿理念、自我反思与成长）；⑤疾病防护的多元支持需求（家庭防范与应急准备需求、环境保障与社会支持需求）。 结论 家庭照顾者在应对儿童突发牙外伤事件时面临多重压力与现实困境。临床应重视牙外伤患儿家庭照顾者的应对体验，识别其应对过程中的薄弱环节，构建针对性评估与支持体系，加强疾病应对和管理的健康教育指导，通过多维支持助力提升家庭照顾者的综合应对能力。

关键词: 儿童, 牙外伤, 家庭照顾者, 应对体验, 质性研究, 儿科护理学