Abstract:

Objective To explore the current situation of job crafting of master’s-educated nurses in tertiary hospitals and the path relationship of various influencing factors for improving the management of highly educated nursing talents. Methods Using convenience sampling，from March to June，2024，nurses from 36 tertiary hospitals across China were selected as subjects for investigation. The survey instruments encompassed a General Information Questionnaire，Nurse Job Crafting Scale，Perceived Overqualification Scale，Psychological Empowerment Scale. Univariate analysis，Pearson correlation，and multiple linear regression were used to identify influencing factors. A structured equation model was also developed. Results Totally 368 valid questionnaires were collected，and the effective response rate was 92.00%（368/400）. The average score of job crafting of master’s-educated nurses was （86.37±9.75） points. Position type，perceived overqualification，and psychological empowerment were factors that affect job crafting in master’s-educated nurses，accounting for 32.2% of the total variation. The path analysis results indicated that perceived overqualification positively correlated with job crafting（β=0.308，P<0.001）. Psychological empowerment played a partial mediating role between perceived overqualification and job crafting，with an indirect effect of 0.519（P<0.001），accounting for 62.76% of the total effect. Conclusion The master’s-educated nurses in tertiary hospitals demonstrate a moderate level of job crafting. Managers should formulate effective interventions targeting relevant influencing factors to promote their job crafting.

Key words: Master’s Degree, Nurses, Job Crafting, Root Cause Analysis, Pathway Analysis, Nursing Administration Research

摘要：

目的 探究三级医院硕士学历护士工作重塑的现状及其影响因素，并进行路径分析，为优化该类护士的管理提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法，于2024年3—6月选取国内36所三级医院中具有硕士学历的护士作为调查对象，采用一般资料调查表、护士工作重塑量表、资质过剩感量表、心理授权量表进行问卷调查。采用单因素分析、Pearson相关性分析、多元线性回归分析探究硕士学历护士工作重塑的影响因素，并构建结构方程模型。结果 共发放问卷400份，回收有效问卷368份，有效问卷回收率为92.00%，护士工作重塑量表得分为（86.37±9.75）分。多元线性回归分析结果显示，主要工作内容、能力与岗位不匹配感、心理授权是护士工作重塑的影响因素，可解释总变异的32.2%。路径分析结果显示，能力与岗位不匹配感可正向预测硕士学历护士工作重塑（β=0.308，P<0.001），心理授权在能力与岗位不匹配感、工作重塑间具有中介作用，中介效应值为0.519（P<0.001），占总效应的比例为62.76%。结论 三级医院硕士学历护士工作重塑处于中等偏高水平，管理者应针对相关影响因素制订有效的干预措施，以促进其工作重塑。

关键词: 硕士, 护士, 工作重塑, 影响因素分析, 路径分析, 护理管理研究