Abstract:

Objective To review the application of intelligent robots in the pain intervention of children，and identify the elements of the intervention，so as to guide future research and practice. Methods A literature search was performed in the PubMed，Cochrane Library，Embase，Web of Science，CINAHL，CNKI，Wanfang database，and CBM. Following the methodology of the scoping review，the retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to November 2023. The included studies were summarized and analyzed. Results A total of 10 articles were included，including 7 randomized controlled trials，2 quasi-experimental studies，and 1 mixed method research study. The working principles of intelligent robots in pain intervention for pediatric patients include distraction and pain empathy. Functions of intelligent robots included verbal interaction，limb motion，facial expression，and haptic recognition. Interventions included pre-intervention preparation，intervention content，and intervention duration，of which the intervention content included question-and-answer conversations，breathing exercises，recreation，and verbal encouragement，and the duration of the intervention ranged from 3 to 11 minutes. The outcome indicators included pain level，negative emotions，and feasibility. The results showed the positive feasibility of the application of intelligent robots in pain intervention for children，which may help to reduce the level of pain and improve children’s negative emotions such as anxiety and distress. Conclusion Intelligent robots in the field of pain intervention of children present preliminary effects and feasibility. It is recommended that researchers should enrich the functions of intelligent robots，enhance human-robot interaction，carry out personalized interventions，and add physiological indexes as effect evaluation indexes to further validate its application effects.

Key words: Intelligent Robot, Pain, Scoping Review, Pediatric Nursing

摘要：

目的 对智能机器人在儿科患者疼痛干预中应用的研究进行范围综述，识别干预要素，为未来研究与临床实践提供参考。 方法 遵循范围综述的方法学，系统检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库中的相关文献，检索时限为建库至2023年11月28日，对纳入文献进行汇总和分析。 结果 共纳入10篇文献，包括7篇随机对照试验、2篇类实验研究、1篇混合性研究。智能机器人在儿科患者疼痛干预中应用的工作原理包括分散注意力、疼痛共情。智能机器人的功能包括语音交互、肢体动作演示、面部表情变化、触觉识别。干预措施包括问答式对话、呼吸练习、娱乐、言语鼓励，干预时长为3~11 min。结局指标包括疼痛程度、负性情绪和可行性。纳入研究结果显示，智能机器人在儿科患者疼痛干预中应用的可行性较好，有助于改善其焦虑、苦恼等负性情绪，但对疼痛程度的干预效果尚存争议。 结论 使用智能机器人有助于改善儿科患者的负性情绪，但对其疼痛的干预效果尚不明确。建议未来研究丰富智能机器人的功能，增强人机互动，进行个性化干预，并增加生理性评价指标进一步验证其应用效果。

关键词: 智能机器人, 疼痛, 范围综述, 儿科护理学