Abstract:

Objective To retrieve，evaluate and integrate evidence related to subcutaneous injection technique of low molecular weight heparin. Methods The clinical decisions，recommended practices，evidence summaries，technical reports，guidelines，expert consensuses，and systematic evaluations on the subcutaneous injection of low molecular weight heparin in domestic and foreign databases and related professional websites were searched by computer. The evidence was extracted and summarized according to the subject after the independent literature quality evaluation by 2 researchers. The literature retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to November 2021. Results According to the inclusion criteria，9 pieces of literature were screened，including 2 evidence summaries，2 expert consensuses，and 5 systematic reviews. Through literature reading，evidence extraction and classification，a total of 12 pieces of evidence were summarized，including preparation before injection，skills during injection，and post-injection disposal. Conclusion This study summarized the best evidence of subcutaneous injection techniques of low molecular weight heparin，so as to provide references for nurses to carry out clinical practice. Nurses should carefully select and apply evidence in combination with clinical situations and patients’ wishes，so as to ensure injection safety and reduce the incidence of related complications.

Key words: Injections, Subcutaneous, Low-Molecular Heparin, Anticoagulants, Evidence-Based Nursing, Evidence Summary

摘要：

目的 检索、评价和整合低分子肝素皮下注射操作的相关证据。 方法 计算机检索国内外数据库、相关专业网站中关于低分子肝素皮下注射操作的临床决策、推荐实践、证据总结、技术报告、指南、专家共识、系统评价，文献检索时限为建库至2021年11月，由2名研究者独立进行文献质量评价后，根据主题对证据进行提取与汇总。 结果 根据纳入标准，共筛选出9篇文献，包括2篇证据总结、2篇专家共识、5篇系统评价。通过文献阅读、证据提取和归类，从注射前准备、注射中规范、注射后处置3个方面总结出12条证据。 结论 该研究总结了低分子肝素皮下注射操作的最佳证据，可为护理人员开展临床实践提供参考。护理人员应结合临床情境、患者意愿，审慎地选择并应用证据，从而保障注射安全，降低相关并发症的发生率。

关键词: 注射, 皮下, 低分子肝素, 抗凝剂, 循证护理学, 证据总结