Abstract:

Objective To compare the effects of three nursing methods in preventing neck skin injury of tracheotomy patients.Methods A total of 168 cases of tracheotomy patients were randomly divided into 3 groups with 56 cases in each group：the liner gauze(Group I),the hydrocolloid dressing(Group Ⅱ),and the liner foam dressing(Group Ⅲ). The incidence of neck skin injury,the service length of liner dressing,the time of dressing replacement,the difficulty of dressing replacement,and average cost were compared in three groups,and the effects of three nursing methods in preventing neck skin injury in tracheotomy patients were evaluated.Results There were 13 cases,5 cases,and 1 case of skin injury in group Ⅰ~Ⅲ,respectively. There was significant difference in the incidence and severity of skin injury among three groups (P<0.05). The service length of liner dressing from low to high was Group Ⅰ,Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ,respectively. The time spent in replacing dressing from low to high was Group Ⅲ,Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ,respectively. The difficulty of replacing dressing from low to high was Group Ⅲ,Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ,respectively. The average cost from low to high was Group I,Group II and Group III,respectively.Conclusion Foam dressing can effectively prevent neck skin injury in patients underwent tracheotomy,and it has long length of service,short replacement time,is easier to operate,and more suitable for patients with tracheotomy,but economic cost is slightly higher.

Key words: Tracheotomy, Skin Care, Clinical Nursing Research

摘要：

目的 评价3种护理方法在预防气管切开患者颈部皮肤损伤的效果。方法 将168例气管切开患者随机分为3组,各56例,分别采用衬垫纱布(Ⅰ组)、粘贴水胶体敷料(Ⅱ组)、衬垫泡沫敷料(Ⅲ组)的方法进行干预;观察3组患者颈部皮肤损伤发生率、衬垫敷料的使用寿命、更换敷料所用时间、更换敷料的难易程度及平均费用,评价3种护理方法预防气管切开患者颈部皮肤损伤的效果。结果 Ⅰ~Ⅲ组发生皮肤损伤例数分别为13例、5例、1例,3组皮肤损伤发生率及严重程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。衬垫敷料的使用寿命由低到高分别为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组;更换衬垫敷料所花费时间由低到高分别为Ⅲ组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组;更换衬垫敷料的难易程度由低到高分别为Ⅲ组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组;平均花费由低到高分别为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组。结论 应用泡沫敷料衬垫能有效预防气管切开患者颈部皮肤损伤,同时其使用寿命长,更换时耗时短,更利于临床操作,更适用于气管切开患者,但经济成本稍高。

关键词: 气管切开术, 皮肤保护, 临床护理研究