Current condition of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and its influencing factors

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.14.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to analyze the current status of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy，identify its heterogeneous characteristics within the population through latent profile analysis，and systematically explore the influencing factors across different identified profiles. Methods A stratified sampling method was employed to select 886 postpartum women from 23 tertiary hospitals across 13 cities in Jiangsu Province，China，from July to October 2024. Data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire，Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale，Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale，Social Support Rating Scale，and Exclusive Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify distinct profiles of breastfeeding self-efficacy，and their influencing factors were examined using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 855 valid questionnaires were collected，BSES score was（100.58±21.63）points. LPA identified three distinct profiles，namely“limited skills and emotional support”（58.24%），“support dependent”（30.06%），and “autonomous and competent”（11.70%）. Significant factors associated with profile membership included medical history，parity，timing and success of first breastfeeding，feeding duration，spouse’s attitude，EPDS and SSRS scores，exclusive breastfeeding knowledge，and experience of breastfeeding difficulties（P<0.05）. Conclusion Maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy is heterogeneous and influenced by multiple factors. Healthcare support should be tailored according to these efficacy profiles to improve breastfeeding outcomes and increase exclusive breastfeeding rates.

Key words: Breastfeeding, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, Latent Profile Analysis, Influencing Factors Analysis, Obstetric Nursing

摘要：

目的了解产妇母乳喂养自信心的现状，通过潜在剖面分析识别其群体异质性特征，并探讨不同类别产妇母乳喂养自信心的影响因素，旨在为制订分层干预策略提供依据。方法采用分层抽样法，选取2024年7—10月在江苏省13个城市23所三级医院的886名产妇作为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、母乳喂养自信心量表、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、社会支持评定量表及纯母乳喂养知识问卷进行调查。对产妇母乳喂养自信心进行潜在剖面分析，运用单因素分析和Logistic回归分析确定不同剖面及其影响因素。结果回收有效问卷855份。产妇母乳喂养自信心量表得分为（100.58±21.63）分。产妇母乳喂养自信心分为“技能情感双弱型”（58.24%）、“支持依赖型”（30.06%）和“自主胜任型”（11.70%）3个潜在类别。疾病史、既往分娩次数、首次哺乳时间、首次哺乳成功、每次哺乳持续时间、配偶母乳喂养态度、产后抑郁、社会支持、纯母乳喂养知识、遇到母乳喂养困难是母乳喂养自信心潜在剖面类别的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论产妇的母乳喂养自信心存在显著异质性且受多种因素影响。医护人员应根据其自信心特征实施精准干预，以提升其母乳喂养效能与纯母乳喂养率。

关键词: 母乳喂养, 母乳喂养自信心, 潜在剖面分析, 影响因素分析, 产科护理

SUI Sheng, LI Suhang, ZHU Liqun, JIN Huayi, ZHUANG Ruo, CAO Songmei. Current condition of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and its influencing factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(14): 1939-1946.

眭升, 李苏杭, 朱丽群, 金华怡, 庄若, 曹松梅. 产妇母乳喂养自信心的现状及影响因素研究[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(14): 1939-1946.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1 The results of the single-factor analysis of the general information of the survey subjects and their self-efficacy in breastfeeding across the 3 potential profiles[case（percentage，%）]

Table 2 Goodness-of-fit indices for maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy profile model

Table 3 Assignment of independent variables

Table 4 Multivariate logistic analysis of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy latent profiles（n=855）

Figure 1 Distribution of characteristics of 3 potential profiles of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy

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