Abstract:

Objective To systematically review the risk factors of 6~8 weeks postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction，provide theoretical basis for nurses to evaluate and identify high risk groups of diseases in advance for guidance. Methods We searched PubMed，EMbase，Cochrane Library，CINAHL，CNKI，WanFang Data and SinoMed databases and professional websites from inception to July 31，2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature，assessed the quality of included studies using Critical Appraisal Tools published by JBI and extracted the data. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results Eighteen studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that parturients aged over 35，antenatal urinary incontinence，after vaginal delivery and with episiotomy were at high risk of postpartum urinary incontinence（P<0.05）. Parturients with multiple deliveries and after vaginal delivery were at high risk of postpartum pelvic organ prolapse（P<0.05）. Conclusion Age≥35，antenatal urinary incontinence，vaginal delivery and episiotomy are risk factors of postpartum urinary incontinence. Multiple deliveries and vaginal delivery are risk factors of postpartum pelvic organ prolapse.

Key words: Postpartum Period, Pelvic Floor Dysfunction, Risk Factors, Meta-Analysis, Obstetrical Nursing

摘要：

目的 系统评价产后6~8周盆底功能障碍性疾病的危险因素,为护理人员提前评估并识别疾病高危人群以便进行指导提供理论依据。方法 计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统数据库和专业网站关于产后盆底功能障碍性疾病危险因素的研究,检索时限为建库至2018年7月31日。由2名研究者按照纳入和排除标准独立筛选文献、使用JBI文献质量评价工具进行文献质量评价并提取数据;采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果 最终纳入18篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,年龄≥35岁、产前尿失禁、阴道分娩、行会阴切开的产妇产后6~8周患尿失禁的风险更高（P<0.05）;多次分娩和阴道分娩的产妇产后6~8周患盆腔器官脱垂的风险更高（P<0.05）。结论 高龄、产前尿失禁、阴道分娩、会阴切开是产后尿失禁的危险因素;阴道分娩、多次分娩是产后盆腔器官脱垂的危险因素。

关键词: 产后, 盆底功能障碍性疾病, 危险因素, Meta分析, 产科护理