Abstract:

Objective To investigate the salt taste sensitivity and its influencing factors in patients with chronic kidney disease（CKD）,for promoting the implementation of salt restriction dietary treatment.Methods Totally 625 CKD patients were recruited during December,2014 and March,2017 at three renal medical wards in a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou. The salt threshold measurement was used to assess salt taste sensitivity. Patient information on social demographic characteristics,disease status and previous salt restriction behaviors were collected to explore influencing factors.Results The average salt threshold was（0.34±0.22）%,and the number of patients with low（<0.2%）,medium（0.2%~0.4%）,and high salt threshold（>0.4%） were 67（10.7%）,433（69.3%） and 125（20.0%）,respectively. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that groups with a higher salt threshold were as follows：gender（male）,older age,previous absence of salt restriction behaviors,decreased eGFR. Conclusion The salt threshold in CKD patients was higher than normal individuals. The salt threshold of patients should be taken into account in clinical guidance of salt restriction. Individualized salt restriction should be adopted for patients with different age,gender,and renal function,especially for patients with high salt threshold.

Key words: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Salt Taste Sensitivity, Salt Threshold, Influencing Factors

摘要：

目的 了解慢性肾脏病患者的盐味觉敏感性,并探讨相关影响因素。方法 选取2014年12月—2017年3月杭州市某三级甲等医院肾内科3个病区收治入院的慢性肾脏病患者作为研究对象,采用盐阈值评估患者盐味觉敏感性,并收集患者社会人口学特征、疾病情况、以往有无限盐行为等资料,以探讨盐味觉敏感性的影响因素。结果 共纳入625例患者,盐阈值为（0.34±0.22）%,其中低盐阈（<0.2%）67例、中盐阈（0.2%~0.4%）433例、高盐阈（>0.4%）125例;Logistic回归显示,性别（OR=0.389,P<0.001）、年龄（OR=1.022,P=0.002）、估计肾小球滤过率（OR=0.994,P=0.044）、以往有无限盐行为（OR=1.596,P=0.048）为慢性肾脏病患者盐阈值的影响因素,女性患者盐阈值低于男性,年龄越大患者盐阈值越高,估计肾小球滤过率降低患者盐阈值越高,以往有限盐行为患者较无限盐行为患者盐阈值低。结论 慢性肾脏病患者盐阈值较普通人群高,临床限盐指导时应考虑患者的盐阈值状况,对不同年龄、性别及肾功能状况患者采取个体化限盐,尤其对高盐阈值患者,可采取渐进式限盐逐步降低盐阈值,以提高其限盐依从性。

关键词: 肾功能不全, 慢性, 盐味觉敏感性, 盐阈值, 影响因素