Abstract:

Objective To design a misaspiration risk screening table for patients after neurologic tumor surgery,and to provide a scienfitic and effective tool for early screening the occurrence of misaspiration of those postoperative patients.Methods The literature analysis and Delphi method were used to establish the aspiration risk rate screening table for brain tumor surgery patients. Patients who underwent neurological tumor resection from January to June 2018 were selected as the control group,and patients who underwent neurological tumor resection from July to December 2018 were selected as the experimental group. The “Kubota drinking water test” was used in the control group for screening the aspiration risk rate;the experimental group was treated with aspiration risk rate screening table to investigate the aspiration risk. The detection rate of aspiration risk,the incidence of aspiration and the average length of hospital stay were compared in these two groups.Results The application of the aspiration rate screening table in patients after excision of brain tumor improved the detection rate of aspiration risk（P<0.001）,reduced the incidence of aspiration rate（P<0.001） and shortened the average length of hospital stay（P<0.05）.Conclusion The application of the aspiration rate screening table can increase the detection rate of aspiration risk,make nursing staff quickly and accurately assess the risk of aspiration of hospitalized patients and then apply the individualized prevention strategies according to different levels of risk in different patients to reduce the occurrence of aspiration,shorten the average length of hospital stay,and improve the quality of medical treatment and nursing.

Key words: Nervous System Neoplasms, Respiratory Aspiration, Nursing Assessment, Forms and Records Control

摘要：

目的 编制适用于神经系统肿瘤患者术后误吸风险筛查表,为早期筛查误吸提供科学有效的工具。方法 采用文献分析法及德尔菲法,建立神经系统肿瘤患者术后误吸风险筛查表。选取2018年1月—6月行神经系统肿瘤切除术后的患者为对照组,2018年7月—12月行神经系统肿瘤切除术后的患者为试验组。试验组采用术后误吸风险筛查表进行筛查,对照组采用洼田饮水试验方法筛查误吸风险,比较两组误吸风险检出率、误吸发生率及平均住院日。结果 神经系统肿瘤患者术后误吸风险筛查表的应用可提高误吸风险检出率（P<0.05）,降低误吸发生率（P<0.05）,缩短患者的平均住院日（P<0.01）。结论 神经系统肿瘤患者术后误吸风险筛查表可以提高误吸风险检出率,使护理人员能够迅速而准确地评估住院患者的误吸风险,对不同风险级别的患者采取个体化的预防策略,以减少误吸的发生,缩短患者的平均住院日,提高医疗和护理质量。

关键词: 神经系统肿瘤, 误吸, 护理评估, 表格和记录管理