Abstract:

Objective To systematically evaluate and integrate the facilitators and barriers to weight management in overweight or obesity older adults，so as to provide references for developing targeted weight management intervention strategies. Methods We searched qualitative studies on weight management in overweight or obese elderly from PubMed，Web of Science，Embase，CINAHL，Cochrane library，CNKI，Wanfang，VIP database，and China Biomedical Literature Database，and the search time period was from the establishment of the databases to April 4，2025. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Joanna Brigg Institute Australian Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Assessment Criteria for Qualitative Research（2016），and the results were integrated by integrating methods. Results A total of 10 studies were included，from which 33 research findings were extracted. These findings were ultimately categorized into 12 classes and integrated into 2 integrated results：the facilitators include perceived threat of overweight or obesity，emphasis on health and body shape，self-management methods，experience of benefit，and social support network；the barriers include physiological and disease limitations，insufficient health literacy，changes in life attitude and lifestyle，family role conflicts，inadequate medical system services，social perceptions and psychological barriers，and external environmental and resource constraints. Conclusion Weight management in overweight or obese older adults is influenced by multiple facilitating and hindering factors. Therefore，healthcare professionals should conduct a comprehensive assessment of these individuals，fully consider their needs and preferences，and develop personalized and age-appropriate intervention strategies to enhance their participation and compliance in weight management.

Key words: Overweight, Obesity, Aged, Weight Management, Meta Synthesis, Evidence-Based Nursing

摘要：

目的 系统整合影响超重或肥胖老年人体重管理的促进与阻碍因素，为制订针对性的体重管理干预策略提供参考。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库中关于超重或肥胖老年人体重管理的质性研究，检索时限为建库至2025年4月。根据澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准（2016版）评价文献质量，并通过汇集性整合方法整合结果。结果 共纳入10篇文献，提炼出33个研究结果，最终归纳为12个类别，综合为2个整合结果：促进因素包括超重或肥胖的威胁感知、重视健康与体型、自我管理方法、获益感体验、社会支持网络；阻碍因素包括生理与疾病限制、健康素养不足、生活态度与方式的不良转变、家庭角色冲突、医疗系统服务不足、社会观念与心理障碍、外部环境与资源限制。结论 超重或肥胖老年人的体重管理受到多方面因素的影响，医护人员应全面评估超重或肥胖老年人，充分考虑其需求和偏好，制订个性化与适老化的干预策略，以提升其体重管理的参与度及依从性。

关键词: 超重, 肥胖, 老年人, 体重管理, Meta整合, 循证护理学