Abstract:

Objective To systematically search，evaluate and summarize the best evidence for prevention and management of extravasation in peripheral intravenous infusion in NICU neonates，and provide a reference for clinical practice and standard formulation. Methods A comprehensive systematic search of websites and databases was conducted to explore literature on prevention and management of extravasation in NICU neonates，including clinical decisions，guidelines，expert consensuses，evidence summaries and systematic reviews. The search encompassed the entire period from database inception to July 2023. 2 researchers independently evaluated the quality of the literature，extracted and integrated the evidence. Results The study included a total of 9 articles，comprising 1 clinical decision，3 guidelines，3 expert consensus documents，and 2 evidence summaries. Ultimately，25 pieces of evidence were synthesized，covering risk factors，catheter indwelling and maintenance，extravasation assessment and treatment，and team building，education and training. Conclusion The evidence provided practical and specific recommendations that can guide healthcare institutions in formulating strategies to prevent and treat extravasation during peripheral intravenous infusion in NICU neonates，while also offering evidence-based guidance for applying the evidence in clinical practice.

Key words: Intensive Care Units, Neonate, Peripheral Vein, Infusions, Intravenous, Extravasation, Prevention, Evidence-Based Nursing

摘要：

目的 检索、评价并汇总国内外关于NICU患儿外周静脉输液外渗预防与处理的最佳证据，为临床实践与标准制订提供参考。 方法 系统检索国内外计算机决策支持系统、指南网、相关学会网站、数据库中与NICU患儿外周静脉输液外渗预防与处理相关的文献，检索时限为建库至2023年7月，文献类型包括临床决策、指南、专家共识、证据总结、系统评价。由2名研究人员独立对纳入文献进行质量评价，并对最终纳入文献进行证据翻译、提取及整合。结果 共纳入9篇文献，其中临床决策1篇、指南3篇、专家共识3篇、证据总结2篇，从危险因素、导管留置、导管维护、外渗评估、外渗处理、团队组建与教育培训6个方面总结25条证据。 结论 该研究总结的NICU患儿外周静脉输液外渗预防与处理的最佳证据可为临床实践提供参考，建议医护人员结合临床情景、患儿的实际情况审慎地选择并应用证据，以保障外周静脉输液的安全。

关键词: 重症监护病房, 新生儿, 外周静脉, 输注, 静脉内, 外渗, 预防, 循证护理学