Abstract:

Objective To investigate the effect of non-nutritive breast sucking on oral feeding ability in very low birth weight preterm infants. Methods From July 2020 to June 2021，148 very low birth weight preterm infants admitted to the NICU of a tertiary children’s hospital in Shanghai were consecutively included，and they were divided into an experimental group and a control group with 74 cases in each group by block randomization. After the mechanical ventilation weaned，infants in the experimental group received non-nutritive breast sucking once a day for 5 minutes each time，and sucked the pacifier for 5 minutes before each tube feeding. The infants in the control group only sucked the pacifier for 5 minutes before each tube feeding. The time to achieve full oral feeding，the corrected gestational age at full oral feeding，the score of the Breastfeeding Behaviour Scale for premature infants，the days of breast feeding，and the breast feeding rate on the day of discharge were compared between 2 groups. Results There were 2 cases dropped in the experimental group and no cases dropped in the control group. The time to achieve full oral feeding was（12.29±4.12） d in the experimental group and（16.87±7.42） d in the control group. The difference between 2 groups was statistically significant（P<0.001）. The corrected gestational age at the time of full oral feeding was（36.45±1.54） weeks in the experimental group and（36.13±4.59） weeks in the control group，and there was no significant difference between 2 groups（P=0.574）. At the time of discharge，the Breastfeeding Behavior Scale score was[12.0（10.0，13.0）] in the experimental group and[6.0（1.5，8.5）] in the control group. The difference between 2 groups was statistically significant（P<0.001）. During hospitalization，the days of breastfeeding in the experimental group were[47.0（33.8，62.8）] d，while those in the control group were[37.5（19.0，56.3）] d. The difference between 2 groups was statistically significant（P=0.021）. The breastfeeding rate on the day of discharge was 84.7% in the experimental group and 66.2% in the control group，and the difference between 2 groups was statistically significant（P=0.012）. Conclusion The implementation of non-nutritive breast sucking can shorten the time to achieve full oral feeding in very low birth weight preterm infants，promote their breastfeeding behaviour，increase the days of breast feeding with their own mother’s milk during hospital stay，and improve breast feeding rate.

Key words: Non-Nutritive Breast Sucking, Very Low Birth Weight, Premature Infant, Full Oral Feeding, Breast Feeding, Randomized Controlled Trial, Neonatal Nursing

摘要：

目的 探讨非营养性乳房吸吮对极低出生体重早产儿经口喂养能力的影响。 方法 连续纳入2020年7月—2021年6月上海市某三级甲等儿童专科医院NICU收治的148例极低出生体重早产儿，通过随机区组法将其分为试验组、对照组各74例。在机械辅助通气停止后，试验组每天进行1次非营养性乳房吸吮，每次5 min，且在每次管饲前吸吮安慰奶嘴5 min；对照组仅在每次管饲前吸吮安慰奶嘴5 min。比较两组达到完全经口喂养的时间、达到完全经口喂养时的纠正胎龄、早产儿母乳喂养行为量表评分、亲母母乳喂养天数及出院当日母乳喂养率。 结果 试验组脱落2例，对照组无脱落病例。试验组达到完全经口喂养的时间为（12.29±4.12） d，对照组为（16.87±7.42） d，两组比较，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。试验组达到完全经口喂养时的纠正胎龄为（36.45±1.54）周，对照组为（36.13±4.59）周，两组比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.574）。出院时，试验组早产儿母乳喂养行为量表评分为[12.0（10.0，13.0）]分，对照组为[6.0（1.5，8.5）]分，两组比较，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。住院期间，试验组亲母母乳喂养天数为[47.0（33.8，62.8）] d，对照组为[37.5（19.0，56.3）] d，两组比较，差异具有统计学意义（P=0.021）。试验组出院当日母乳喂养率为84.7%，对照组为66.2%，两组比较，差异具有统计学意义（P=0.012）。 结论 实施非营养性乳房吸吮可以缩短极低出生体重早产儿达到完全经口喂养的时间，促进其母乳喂养行为成熟，增加住院期间亲母母乳喂养天数，提高母乳喂养率。

关键词: 非营养性乳房吸吮, 极低出生体重儿, 早产儿, 完全经口喂养, 母乳喂养, 随机对照试验, 新生儿护理