1 093所医院糖尿病专科护理门诊标准化建设的现状调查

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.14.014

中华护理杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (14): 1978-1986.DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.14.014

1 093所医院糖尿病专科护理门诊标准化建设的现状调查

张明霞¹(), 赵芳²^,^*(), 袁丽³, 李彩宏⁴, 李饶³, 莫永珍⁵, 潘红英⁶, 徐蓉⁷, 肖凌凤⁸, 周莹霞⁹, 董颖越¹⁰, 邢秋玲¹¹, 武全莹¹², 周丽华¹³, 管玉香¹⁴

¹ 北京大学人民医院内分泌科北京市 100044
² 中日友好医院护理部北京市 100029
³ 四川大学华西医院内分泌代谢科成都市 610041
⁴ 清华大学北京清华长庚医院护理部北京市 102218
⁵ 南京医科大学附属老年医院老年综合评估研究室南京市 210024
⁶ 浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院护理部杭州市 310009
⁷ 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院护理部武汉市 430030
⁸ 山东第一医科大学附属中心医院院务部济南市 250102
⁹ 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院内分泌代谢科上海市 201801
¹⁰ 中国医学科学院北京协和医院内分泌科北京市 100730
¹¹ 天津医科大学朱宪彝纪念医院护理教研室天津市 300134
¹² 北京医院护理部中国医学科学院老年医学研究院北京市 100005
¹³ 广东省第二人民医院护理部广州市 510403
¹⁴ 安徽中医药大学护理学院合肥市 230012

收稿日期:2025-12-31 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-07-17
*通讯作者: 赵芳，E-mail：zhaof01@aliyun.com
作者简介:张明霞：女，本科，副主任护师，护士长，E-mail：zhangmx508@sina.com
第一联系人：作者贡献声明
张明霞：研究方案设计及实施、论文撰写与修改；赵芳、袁丽：研究方案设计及实施、论文审阅；李彩宏、李饶：数据整理、统计学分析、论文撰写与修改；莫永珍、潘红英、徐蓉、肖凌凤、周莹霞、董颖越、邢秋玲、武全莹：参与研究方案设计及实施；周丽华、管玉香：问卷调查

Investigation and analysis of the current status of standardized construction of nurse-led diabetes clinics in 1 093 hospitals

ZHANG Mingxia¹(), ZHAO Fang²^,^*(), YUAN Li³, LI Caihong⁴, LI Rao³, MO Yongzhen⁵, PAN Hong-ying⁶, XU Rong⁷, XIAO Lingfeng⁸, ZHOU Yingxia⁹, DONG Yingyue¹⁰, XING Qiuling¹¹, WU Quanying¹², ZHOU Lihua¹³, GUAN Yuxiang¹⁴

¹ Department of Endocrinology， Peking University People’s Hospital， Beijing 100044， China
² Department of Nursing， China-Japan Friendship Hospital， Beijing 100029， China
³ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism， West China School of Nursing，West China Hospital of Sichuan University，Sichuan University， Chengdu 610041， China
⁴ Department of Nursing， Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital，School of Clinical Medicine，Tsinghua Medicine，Tsinghua University， Beijing 102218， China
⁵ Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Research Center， Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University， Nanjing 210024， China
⁶ Department of Nursing， Sir Sir Run Shaw Hospital，Zhejiang University School of Medicine， Hangzhou 310009， China
⁷ Department of Nursing， Tongji Hospital，Tongji Medical College，Huazhong University of Science and Technology， Wuhan 430030， China
⁸ Hospital Affair Department， Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University， Jinan 250102， China
⁹ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism， Ruijin Hospital，Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine， Shanghai 201801， China
¹⁰ Department of Endocrinology， Peking Union Medical College Hospital， Peking 100730， China
¹¹ Clinic Nursing Teaching and Research Section， Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital， Tianjin 300134， China
¹² Department of Nursing， Beijing Hospital，National Center of Gerontology，Institute of Geriatric Medicine，Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences， Beijing 100005， China
¹³ Department of Nursing， Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital， Guangzhou 510403， China
¹⁴ School of Nursing， Anhui University of Chinese Medicine， Hefei 230012

Received:2025-12-31 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-07-17
* Corresponding author: ZHAO Fang，E-mail：zhaof01@aliyun.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查国内不同等级医院糖尿病专科护理门诊的标准化建设现状，为促进其规范建设提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法，于2024年5—7月采用自制的调查问卷对30个省份1 231所医院的糖尿病专科护理门诊管理者进行调查，对相关资料进行统计学描述、比较及分析。结果共回收有效问卷1 093份。在岗位管理方面，49.04%的医院符合糖尿病专科护理门诊人员配备与资质标准，48.58%符合培训与考核标准；在制度规范方面，59.74%的医院建立了管理制度，67.43%制订了服务与技术规范；在场地设备及门诊功能方面，79.87%的医院配备了固定且独立的场地，基本设备及健康教育相关工具配备较齐全，但专科护理评估及急救设备相对短缺；在运行管理方面，90.00%以上的医院开展了健康教育和护理技术服务，但实施护理评估、提供延续护理、建立患者就诊及随访管理档案的比例均不足80.00%；在质量改进方面，不足65.00%的医院开展了服务质量督查和持续改进。不同等级医院在人员配备与资质、培训与考核、管理制度、服务与技术规范、门诊场地与功能等方面的达标率比较，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论国内糖尿病专科护理门诊的建设较规范，但在出诊护士培训考核、管理制度建设、专科护理评估设备配置、信息管理及质量改进等方面有待加强，管理者需依据相关标准加强标准化建设，以推动其可持续、高质量发展。

关键词: 糖尿病, 专科护理, 护理门诊, 现状调查

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the current status of standardization construction of nurse-led diabetes clinics in hospitals of different levels across 30 provinces in China，and to provide evidence for promoting national standardized development. Methods Using a convenience sampling method，a self-designed questionnaire was administered to managers of nurse-led diabetes clinics in hospitals at various levels across 30 provinces，autonomous regions，and municipalities in China from May to July 2024. Results A total of 1093 valid questionnaires were collected. In terms of post management，49.04% of the surveyed clinics met the staffing standards，and 48.58% met the training and assessment standards. Regarding regulations and norms，59.74% had established management systems，and 67.43% had formulated service and operational technical specifications. In terms of site，equipment and clinic functions，79.87% had a fixed independent site，with basic equipment and health education tools being relatively well-equipped，whereas specialist nursing assessment equipment and first-aid equipment were relatively insufficient. In operation management，over 90.00% provided health education and nursing technical services，but the proportions of clinics implementing nursing assessment，providing continuing care services，and establishing patient visit and follow-up management records were all less than 80.00%. In quality improvement，less than 65.00% conducted service quality supervision and continuous improvement. Statistically significant differences in the compliance rates were observed among different levels of hospitals in staffing and qualifications，training and assessment，management systems，service and technical specifications，and site conditions（P<0.05）. Conclusion Nurse-led diabetes clinics in China have laid a solid foundation，but standardization is insufficient in nurse training and assessment，management systems，specialist nursing，information management，and quality improvement. There is an urgent need to formulate and implement a unified national standard for the construction of nurse-led diabetes clinics and improve supporting policies to promote their sustainable and high-quality development.

Key words: Diabetes Mellitus, Specialist Nursing, Nurse-Led Clinics, Status Survey

张明霞, 赵芳, 袁丽, 李彩宏, 李饶, 莫永珍, 潘红英, 徐蓉, 肖凌凤, 周莹霞, 董颖越, 邢秋玲, 武全莹, 周丽华, 管玉香. 1 093所医院糖尿病专科护理门诊标准化建设的现状调查[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(14): 1978-1986.

ZHANG Mingxia, ZHAO Fang, YUAN Li, LI Caihong, LI Rao, MO Yongzhen, PAN Hong-ying, XU Rong, XIAO Lingfeng, ZHOU Yingxia, DONG Yingyue, XING Qiuling, WU Quanying, ZHOU Lihua, GUAN Yuxiang. Investigation and analysis of the current status of standardized construction of nurse-led diabetes clinics in 1 093 hospitals[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(14): 1978-1986.

图/表 3

表1 调查医院的地域分布情况（n=1 093）

Table 1 Geographic distribution of surveyed hospitals（n=1 093）

表2 糖尿病专科护理门诊标准化建设现状（n=1 093）

Table 2 Status of standardized construction of nurse-led diabetes clinics（n=1 093）

表3 不同等级医院糖尿病专科护理门诊标准化建设现状比较[n=1 093，所（百分比，%）]

Table 3 Comparison of the standardized construction status of nurse-led diabetes clinics among different levels of hospitals[n=1 093，cases（percentage,%）]

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1 093所医院糖尿病专科护理门诊标准化建设的现状调查

Investigation and analysis of the current status of standardized construction of nurse-led diabetes clinics in 1 093 hospitals

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