老年维持性血液透析患者碎片化运动干预方案的构建及初步应用

doi:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2026.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的构建老年维持性血液透析患者碎片化运动干预方案并进行初步应用，为改善老年维持性血液透析患者躯体功能提供参考。方法基于计划行为理论，通过文献回顾、专家论证及预试验，构建了老年维持性血液透析患者碎片化运动干预方案。采用便利抽样法，选取2024年9月—2025年7月在新乡市某三级甲等医院接受维持性血液透析的老年患者为研究对象，试验组与对照组各纳入28例。试验组在常规护理基础上实施碎片化运动干预方案，对照组实施常规护理。干预12周后，比较两组干预前后简易躯体功能评估量表、透析患者生活质量量表及运动自我效能量表得分的差异，并记录运动完成情况及相关不良事件。结果最终试验组和对照组各26例完成研究。试验组的躯体功能、生活质量及运动自我效能评分均高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组碎片化运动的依从性良好，未出现运动相关不良事件。结论构建的老年维持性血液透析患者碎片化运动方案安全、可行，有效改善了患者的躯体功能、生活质量及运动自我效能。

关键词: 维持性血液透析, 老年人, 运动, 躯体功能, 护理

Abstract:

Objective To develop an Exercise Snacks（ES） intervention program for elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis，aiming to provide a practical approach to improve their physical function. Methods Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior（TPB），the ES intervention program was designed through literature review，expert consultation，and a pilot study. Using convenience sampling，the final sample included 28 participants in the experimental group and 28 participants in the control group from September 2024 to July 2025 at a tertiary hospital in Xinxiang. The experimental group received the ES intervention in addition to routine nursing care，while the control group received routine care only. Changes within groups and differences between groups in Short Physical Performance Battery（SPPB） scores，Kidney Disease Questionnaire（KDQ） scores，and Chinese Self-efficacy for Exercise Scale（SEE-C） scores were evaluated before and after the 12-week intervention. Exercise completion and any exercise-related adverse events were also recorded. Results Totally 26 participants in each group completed the study. The experimental group had higher scores in physical function，quality of life，and exercise self-efficacy compared with the control group（P<0.05）. Exercise adherence was good，and no exercise-related adverse events were reported. Conclusion The ES intervention program for elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis is safe，feasible，and effective in enhancing physical function，quality of life，and exercise self-efficacy.

Key words: Maintenance Hemodialysis, Aged, Exercise, Physical Function, Nursing Care

杨嘉琪, 王怡童, 李洁, 王丽娜. 老年维持性血液透析患者碎片化运动干预方案的构建及初步应用[J]. 中华护理杂志, 2026, 61(5): 581-589.

YANG Jiaqi, WANG Yitong, LI Jie, WANG Lina. Development and application of an exercise snacks intervention program for elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing, 2026, 61(5): 581-589.

图/表 6

表1 老年维持性血液透析患者碎片化运动干预方案

Table 1 Exercise snacks intervention program for older maintenance hemodialysis patients

表2 碎片化运动干预的动作标准

Table 2 Exercise standards for the exercise snacks intervention

表3 两组一般资料的比较

Table 3 Comparison of general data in the 2 groups

表4 两组干预前后简易躯体功能评估量表总分及各维度得分的比较[分，M（P25，P75）]

Table 4 Comparison of SPPB scores and various dimensions scores between the 2 groups before and after intervention[scores，M（P25，P75）]

表5 两组干预前后生活质量量表总分及各维度得分比较[分，$\bar{x} \pm s$]

Table 5 Comparison of KDQ scores and various dimensions scores between the 2 groups before and after intervention[scores，$\bar{x} \pm s$]

表6 两组干预前后运动自我效能量表得分的比较（分，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

Table 6 Comparison of SEE-C between the 2 groups before and after intervention（scores，$\bar{x} \pm s$）

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